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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors of myopia and high myopia in students from primary school and junior high school in Shandong. METHODS: A total of 35,614 subjects completed the visual acuity test, refraction error measurement, and questionnaire in 2019. The visual acuity test was performed using the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and the refractive error was measured by an automatic refractometer without cycloplegia. RESULTS: The average age was 12.38 ± 1.78 years, with 18,501 boys and 17,113 girls. The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 68.02% and 5.90%, respectively, and reached up to 85.54% and 13.13% for the grade 9 students. The risk factors included girls, parental myopic history, time spent doing homework, and less sleep time. Performing eye exercise was significantly associated with a lower risk of myopia. Use of mobile devices and reading while lying down were only related to myopia, not high myopia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is at a high level. In addition to genetic factors, continuous close work and a lack of sleep was an important factor associated with children myopia and high myopia.
- Klíčová slova
- high myopia, influence factors, junior high school, myopia, prevalence, primary school,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- myopie * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- refrakce oka * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- školy MeSH
- zraková ostrost MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína epidemiologie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- DIABETES MELLITUS/pathology *, MYOPIA/pathology *, SCLERA/pathology *,
- MeSH
- degenerativní myopie * MeSH
- diabetes mellitus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myopie patologie MeSH
- poruchy zraku * MeSH
- skléra patologie MeSH
- svalová rigidita * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study is to compare the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with method of laser-assisted keratomileusis (LASIK) in the treatment of high myopia by excimer laser. The study compares 100 eyes after PRK operated on by technique of multizonal ablation divided into group of moderately high myopia (-6.0 ... -9.0 Dsph/85 eyes) and severely high myopia (over -9.25 Dsph/15 eyes) with a group o 100 eyes operated on by LASIK similarly classified (moderately high myopia/67 eyes and severely high myopia/33 eyes). The eyes were treated by excimer laser Keracor 117 manufactured by Technolas company. Statistic analysis used one-way analysis of variance. One year after operation emmetropia within +/- 1.0 Dsph was 52% in the first and 47% in the second group after PRK. After LASIK it was 71% and 54% respectively. No statistically significant differences have been found between the groups. In spite of this, analysis of postoperative complications, line loss of the preoperative best spectacle corrected acuity and patients satistaction shows that LASIK is a better method in correction of high myopia by excimer laser.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fotorefrakční keratektomie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- laserová modelace rohovky pod rohovkovou lamelou * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lasery excimerové MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myopie chirurgie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myopie epidemiologie MeSH
- novorozenec s nízkou porodní hmotností * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- strabismus epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIMS: The aim of the authors' study was to determine the prevalence of myopia and premyopia in children and adolescents attending primary school in a village in the north of Slovakia in the period before and after the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Changes in the spherical equivalent and axial length of the eyes were measured in 2019 and 2022 in a group of 47 children and adolescents within the age range of 7-12 years at the time of first measurement. In all the individuals, refraction was measured using an automatic keratorefractometer without the use of cycloplegic eye drops, and axial length was measured with an optical biometer. Refraction was also measured using an automatic keratorefractometer after using cycloplegic eye drops. RESULTS: We recorded a significant change in the mean spherical equivalent (1.02 ±1.16 D vs. 0.72 ±1.29) and the axial length of the eyes (23.05 ±0.72mm vs. 23.30 ±0.74mm) when comparing the measurements from 2019 to 2022. The probands manifested a myopic refractive shift of -0.30 D throughout the entire cohort (-0.24 D in boys and -0.38 D in girls), and the mean axial length increased by 0.2 mm in the entire cohort (by 0.3 mm in boys and 0.2 mm in girls). The percentage of myopic and premyopic eyes increased (4.3% vs. 8.5% a 31.9% vs. 48.9%). CONCLUSION: We noted a decrease in the spherical equivalent and increase in the axial length of the eyes after the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the period before the pandemic in Slovak school-aged children. During this period, the prevalence of myopia and premyopia increased.
- Klíčová slova
- COVID-19, Myopia, adolescence, childhood, myopia,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mydriatika MeSH
- myopie * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- oční roztoky MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- refrakce oka MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- mydriatika MeSH
- oční roztoky MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- IMIDAZOLES *, MYOPIA *,
- MeSH
- imidazoly * MeSH
- myopie * MeSH
- tolazolin * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- imidazoly * MeSH
- tolazolin * MeSH
AIM: We analysed one-year refractive results and the incidence of complications in patients with correction of low-to-high myopia or myopic astigmatism by femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) using femtosecond laser LenSx® (Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas, USA) a excimer laser Excimer Amaris 500 (Schwind eye-tech-solutions GmbH and Co KG, Kleinostheim, Germany). METHODS: To the retrospective study were included 171 eyes of 87 patients (38 men, 49 women) who underwent correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism by FS-LASIK in the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital in Hradec Králové between 2013-2017. We assessed uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subjective refraction, central corneal thickness (CCT) in the thinnest point, patients satisfaction and the incidence of complications in the one-year follow-up period. RESULTS: At the time of laser procedure the mean patients age was 29,26 ± 6,47 years (range 18 to 46 years). In 21 eyes was corrected myopia (range -6,5 to -2,5 D sph) and in 150 eyes myopic astigmatism (range -8,75 to -0,25 D sph and -3,0 to -0,25 D cyl). The mean preoperative UCVA 0,06 ± 0,08 (range 0,02 to 0,8) got better to 1,12 ± 0,17 (range 0,8 to 1,5) at the end of follow-up period. There wasnt statistically significant change in BCVA between preoperative and postoperative values. Preoperative mean value of subjective refraction was -4,14 ± 1,43 D sph (range -8,5 to -1 D sph) and -0,57 ± 0,58 D cyl (range -3 to 0 D cyl) and after 12 months -0,02 ± 0,16 D sph (range -0,1 to 0,75 D sph) and -0,01 ± 0,1 D cyl (range -0,5 to 0,5 D cyl). The initial mean CCT was 554,76 ± 30,07 μm (range 485 to 660 μm), after 6 months 494,06 ± 34,99 μm (range 421 to 594 μm) and after 12 months 492,92 ± 34,55 μm (range 411 to 592 μm). We observed peroperative complications in 3 eyes. The suction loss of femtosecond laser occurred during flap creation due to sudden eye movement. Postoperatively in one case we enrolled flap pucker first postoperative day. In other case flap dislocation occurred after abdonimal surgery under general anesthesia which was performed 3 months after refractive procedure and we had to indicate flap reposition. The mean grade of patients satisfaction was at the end of follow-up period 1,04. The most often complaints were the sensation of dry eye (10 patients) and blurry vision during computer working, inadequate lighting and fatique (6 pacients). CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience correction of low-to-high myopia or myopic astigmatism by using FS-LASIK is an effective, relatively safe and predictable method. The basic assumption of good postoperative results and patients satisfaction is thorough and comprehensive preoperative examination with respect to indication criteria.
- Klíčová slova
- femtosecond assisted LASIK, laser in situ keratomileusis, myopia, refractive surgery,
- MeSH
- astigmatismus * MeSH
- laserová modelace rohovky pod rohovkovou lamelou * MeSH
- lasery excimerové * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myopie * terapie MeSH
- refrakce oka MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Scleroplastic surgery is known to encounter the pathogenetical agent when the progressive myopia develops. In the first part, the implemented surgical approaches as well as up-to-date surgical techniques are presented. The experimental part is reserved for the selection of material which is necessary to perform scleroplasties. Both the allogenic and xenogenic grafts have been studied for histocompatibility on 20 rabbits. Following materials were used: 2 types of collagenic sponge, native and deproteinated human sclera, modified dura mater as well as both the native and devitalized sclera from rabbits. The best results were obtained with allogenic sclera, deproteinated xenogenic sclera and collagenic sponge. The application of other materials is discussed.
AIM: We analysed two years results in patients with correction of moderate-to-high myopia or myopic astigmatism by implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular Impantable Collamer Lens (ICL). METHODS: To the retrospective study were included 63 eyes of 32 patients (3 men, 29 women), who underwent implantation of ICL between 2007 - 2016 in the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology clinic, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, to correction moderate-to-high myopia or myopic astigmatism. We assess uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), subjective refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD) and the incidence of complications in the two years follow-up period. RESULTS: At the time of implantation was the mean patients age 28,14 ± 5,35 years (range 21 to 36 years). In 16 eyes was implanted ICM V4 model, in 23 eyes VICMO, in 2 eyes TICM V4, in 13 eyes VTICMO and in 9 eyes VTICM. The mean preoperative subjective refraction improved from -7,8 ± 2,7 D sf (range -14 to -3,25 D sf) and -0,65 ± 0,8 D cyl (range -3,25 to 0 D cyl) to -0,01 ± 0,1 D sf (range -0,75 to 0 D sf) and -0,05 ± 0,16 D cyl (range -0,55 až 0 D cyl). The mean ECD value was 3270,5 ± 454,7 cells/mm2 (range 2155 to 4201 cells/mm2) compared to 2803,4 ± 441,8 cells/mm2 (range 2079 to 4184 cells/mm2) at the end of our follow-up period. The percentage loss of ECD two years after the surgery was 13,5%. The mean preoperative value of intraocular pressure (IOP) was 15,0 ± 2,9 mmHg (range 10 to 20 mmHg) and 15,2 ± 2,5 mmHg (range 10 to 20 mmHg) at the end of follow-up period. We observed the elevation of IOP over 21 mmHg 1 month postoperatively in 11 eyes. In 9 eyes was IOP until 35 mmHg (27,7 ± 3,74, range 22 to 34 mmHg), in a one case (both eyes of the same patient) over 50 mmHg. Postoperatively we observed following complications: IOP elevation (11 eyes), decentration of ICL with development of subcapsular opacity in the crystallin lens periphery (1 eye), pigment dispersion without elevation of IOP (1 eye) and incidence of optical phenomenon (4 patients). The explantation of ICL was indicated in one patient bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience is the correction of moderate-to-high myopia or myopic astigmatism by implanation of ICL an effective, relative safe and predictable method. It has an important place in the modern refractive surgery, especially in patients, who are not able to undergo the photorefractive corneal surgery to correct their refractive errors. Key words: Implantable Collamer Lens, phakic intraocular lens, myopia, myopic astigmatism.
- Klíčová slova
- Implantable Collamer Lens, myopia, myopic astigmatism, phakic intraocular lens,
- MeSH
- astigmatismus * terapie MeSH
- fakické nitrooční čočky * MeSH
- implantace nitrooční čočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myopie * terapie MeSH
- refrakce oka MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
