• Klíčová slova
• GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES/therapy *,
• MeSH
• fytoterapie * MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES/therapy *, PLANTS *,
• MeSH
• fytoterapie * MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostliny * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The billberry is well-known for its tasty blue-dyeing fruits. Historically the leaves and fruits were used to treat diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dementia and cancer. Antidiabetic properties of the plant are attributed mostly to the content of anthocyanins and polyphenols. These compounds have proven their antidiabetic potential in various studies. Their mechanism of action is an increase in insulin secretion (anthocyanin pelargonidin), reduction of insulin resistance (anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside), glucose resorption from the GIT (polyphenols) and enhancement of beta-cells regeneration. Besides these effects, anthocyanins contribute to the improvement of the lipid spectrum and have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities. Antidiabetic effects of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-galactoside were compared to acarbose (synergistic effect), hypocholesterolemic activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside to atorvastatin (synergistic effect) and hypolipidemic properties of blueberry leaf extract to ciprofibrate (extract has a lower effect). However, in many preclinical and clinical studies different species of the Vaccinium genus and other plants with asimilar effect as the billberry were also assessed. Therefore, in order to convincingly assess the efficacy and safety of blueberry herbal medicines more studies are necessary. Such studies should shed light into the variety of anthocyanins, their particular effects and optimal doses and compare their effects with intake of foods generally rich in anthocyanins.Key words: billberry Vaccinium myrtillus diabetes mellitus phytotherapy antocyanines.

• MeSH
• anthokyaniny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fytoterapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• Vaccinium myrtillus MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anthokyaniny MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• Vaccinium myrtillus extract MeSH Prohlížeč

Based on a review of the literature contemporary psychiatric practice of herbal medicine in the Chinese People's Republic is re-evaluated. In many articles the results lack methodological precision. In some most trustworthy publications it is stated that for some psychiatric conditions certain herbal drugs are effective and that by combined treatment of modern drugs with phytotherapy a greater effectiveness can be achieved and the time needed for restoration of health can be reduced and the frequency of side-effect is smaller. To confirm the conclusions on the importance of phytotherapy in psychiatry, according to the authors, more elaborate investigations in psychiatry are needed.

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy farmakoterapie   MeSH
• léky rostlinné čínské terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• léky rostlinné čínské MeSH

Delayed wound healing presents a significant burden for the patient and healthcare system. One of many possibilities how to improve the process of wound healing and to prevent development of unwanted complications is the use of herbal substances which are still commonly used in folk medicine. This review gives an overview of experimental and clinical studies related to phytotherapeutic approaches of skin wound healing which have during the 21st century been indexed by the largest biomedical database NCBI - PubMed.

• MeSH
• fytoterapie * MeSH
• hojení ran * MeSH
• kůže zranění   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Momordica charantia is a thermophilic voluble plant from the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean. In central Europe, momordica requires greenhouse plantations. Mature fruits resemble a cucumber or a pumpkin and can be used as other similar vegetables. Crude fruits are very bitter and refreshing. For centuries the plant has been known in Chinese traditional medicine for its antidiabetic effects as well as for the treatment of cancer or infections caused by worms, viruses and malaria. Antidiabetic effects are attributed namely to cucurbitane type triterpenoids, charantin, p-insulin and 9cis-11trans-13trans-conjugated linolenic acid. These substances in momordica preparations show antidiabetic effectiveness in clinical studies by increasing insulin secretion and deceasing insulin resistance or glucose absorption from the gut. Beside this main effect the extract possesses certain neuroprotective and antioxidant effects (especially p9cis-11trans-13trans-conjugated linolenic acid) and contributes to normalize blood lipid and adipokine levels which results in the normalization of metabolic syndrome. Antidiabetic effectiveness of momordica was compared to active treatment with several oral antidiabetic drugs and proved comparable effects. However, the number of studies is limited and their methodological approach variable. Therefore, the evidence is so far inconclusive.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fytoterapie * MeSH
• glykosidy farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Momordica charantia * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• triterpeny farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cucurbitane MeSH Prohlížeč
• glykosidy MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• triterpeny MeSH

Fenugreek seeds are known for their characteristic smell of soup seasoning and as an ingredient of Indian curry. Traditionally the seeds are used as macerate for the treatment of diabetes, cough, and flatulence, to increase breast milk secretion, and for anti-inflammatory and aphrodisiac effects. The use is limited by its unpleasant smell and bitter taste which can be modified by adding mint leaves to the macerate. Antidiabetic properties are attributed mainly to galactomannan, 4-hydroxyisoleucin (4-OH-Ile), diosgenin and trigonelline. These substances demonstrate direct antidiabetic properties in clinical studies by increasing insulin secretion (4-OH-Ile), decreasing insulin resistance and glucose resorption from the GIT (galactomannan) and improvement in B-cells regeneration (trigonelline). Besides this main effect, the herb improves blood lipid spectre (4-OH-Ile, diosgenin), and has reno-protective (4-OH-Ile, trigonelline), neuroprotective (trigonelline) and antioxidant (diosgenin, trigonelline) effects. Antidiabetic efficacy of trigonelline is comparable to glibenclamide treatment and more effective than sitagliptine therapy. Given the large body of evidence and promising results in comparison with standard pharmacotherapy, fenugreek active substances have a potential to become a source of new antidiabetic medication.Key words: fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum diabetes mellitus type 2 biological activity.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fytoterapie metody   MeSH
• glibenklamid farmakologie   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• hypoglykemika chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• inzulin metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• sekrece inzulinu MeSH
• semena rostlinná MeSH
• Trigonella chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glibenklamid MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• hypoglykemika MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• lipidy MeSH

Subjective perception of insufficient milk supply is one of the most common problems of nursing mothers. For centuries, herbs have been used to increase lactation and remain popular even today. There is only a limited number of studies proving their safety and effectivity, so their use is based primarily on previous experience. The use of certain herbs has shown that they could be effective and safe, but further research is needed to define terms of use. This paper describes preliminary findings on the mechanism of action, adverse effects and possible interactions observed in some herbs frequently used to promote lactation.Key words: phytotherapy lactation herbal galactagogue.

• MeSH
• fytoterapie MeSH
• galaktogoga škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• laktace účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• galaktogoga MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky MeSH

Various medicinal plants find their use in cough treatment, based on traditions and long-term experience. Pharmacological principles of their action, however, are much less known. Herbal drugs usually contain a mixture of potentially active compounds, which can manifest diverse effects. Expectorant or antitussive effects, which can be accompanied by others, such as anti-inflammatory or antibacterial, are probably the most important in the treatment of coughs. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants or their constituents on cough, based on reliable pharmacological studies. First, a comprehensive description of each effect is provided in order to explain the possible mechanism of action in detail. Next, the results related to individual plants and substances are summarized and critically discussed based on pharmacological in vivo and in vitro investigation.

• Klíčová slova
• Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antitussive, Antiviral, Cough, Expectorant, Herbal drugs, Mechanism of action, Medicinal plants, Phytotherapy,
• MeSH
• antitusika * farmakologie   MeSH
• expektorancia farmakologie   MeSH
• fytoterapie MeSH
• kašel farmakoterapie   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antitusika * MeSH
• expektorancia MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

The prevalence of chronic venous disease (CVD) is relatively high, it affects 20-80 % of the population worldwide. CVD may affect any veins in the human body, however, the veins of the lower extremities are the most susceptible to this condition. Among therapeutic possibilities for CVD, mainly chronic venous insufficiency, some medicinal plants (Ruscus aculeatus L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.) and their active compounds (ruscoside, aescin, asiaticoside) or close derivatives also have important places. This review describes shortly the updated knowledge on pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and diagnostics of CVD as well as treatment modalities. The primary focus of this review is on the existing knowledge about botanical medications for treating chronic venous disease (CVD). It covers the chemical makeup of these plant drugs, their pharmacological effects, results from clinical trials involving humans, and any associated safety concerns.

• Klíčová slova
• Chronic venous disease, Clinical efficacy, Clinical studies, Medicinal plants, Pharmacology, Phytotherapy, Safety issues,
• MeSH
• Aesculus chemie   MeSH
• Centella * chemie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fytoterapie * MeSH
• léčivé rostliny * chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Ruscus chemie   MeSH
• žilní insuficience * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH