process automation
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- Klíčová slova
- AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING *, AUTOMATION *, MICROFILMING *, PUNCHED-CARD SYSTEMS *,
- MeSH
- automatizace * MeSH
- automatizované zpracování dat * MeSH
- děrnoštítkové systémy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofilmy * MeSH
- věda * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Effective identification of previously implausible safety signals is a core component of successful pharmacovigilance. Timely, reliable, and efficient data ingestion and related processing are critical to this. The term 'black swan events' was coined by Taleb to describe events with three attributes: unpredictability, severe and widespread consequences, and retrospective bias. These rare events are not well understood at their emergence but are often rationalized in retrospect as predictable. Pharmacovigilance strives to rapidly respond to potential black swan events associated with medicine or vaccine use. Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being explored in data ingestion tasks. In contrast to rule-based automation approaches, ML can use historical data (i.e., 'training data') to effectively predict emerging data patterns and support effective data intake, processing, and organisation. At first sight, this reliance on previous data might be considered a limitation when building ML models for effective data ingestion in systems that look to focus on the identification of potential black swan events. We argue that, first, some apparent black swan events-although unexpected medically-will exhibit data attributes similar to those of other safety data and not prove algorithmically unpredictable, and, second, standard and emerging ML approaches can still be robust to such data outliers with proper awareness and consideration in ML system design and with the incorporation of specific mitigatory and support strategies. We argue that effective approaches to managing data on potential black swan events are essential for trust and outline several strategies to address data on potential black swan events during data ingestion.
- MeSH
- automatizace MeSH
- farmakovigilance * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING *, AUTOMATION *, IMMUNOLOGY *, MICROBIOLOGY *,
- MeSH
- alergologie a imunologie * MeSH
- automatizace * MeSH
- automatizované zpracování dat * MeSH
- dokumentace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a groundbreaking technology for 3D visualisation and analysis of biomolecules in the context of cellular structures. It allows structural investigations of single proteins as well as their spatial arrangements within the cell. Cryo-tomograms provide a snapshot of the complex, heterogeneous and transient subcellular environment. Due to the excellent structure preservation in amorphous ice, it is possible to study interactions and spatial relationships of proteins in their native state without interference caused by chemical fixatives or contrasting agents. With the introduction of focused ion beam (FIB) technology, the preparation of cellular samples for electron tomography has become much easier and faster. The latest generation of integrated FIB and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) instruments (dual beam microscopes), specifically designed for cryo-applications, provides advances in automation, imaging and the preparation of high-pressure frozen bulk samples using cryo-lift-out technology. In addition, correlative cryo-fluorescence microscopy provides cellular targeting information through integrated software and hardware interfaces. The rapid advances, based on the combination of correlative cryo-microscopy, cryo-FIB and cryo-ET, have already led to a wealth of new insights into cellular processes and provided new 3D image data of the cell. Here we introduce our recent developments within the cryo-tomography workflow, and we discuss the challenges that lie ahead. LAY DESCRIPTION: This article describes our recent developments for the cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) workflow. Cryo-ET offers superior structural preservation and provides 3D snapshots of the interior of vitrified cells at molecular resolution. Before a cellular sample can be imaged by cryo-ET, it must be made accessible for transmission electron microscopy. This is achieved by preparing a 200-300 nm thin cryo-lamella from the cellular sample using a cryo-focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) microscope. Cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy (cryo-CLEM) is used within the workflow to guide the cryo-lamella preparation to the cellular areas of interest. We cover a basic introduction of the cryo-ET workflow and show new developments for cryo-CLEM, which facilitate the connection between the cryo-light microscope and the cryo-FIB. Next, we present our progress in cryo-FIB software automation to streamline cryo-lamella preparation. In the final section we demonstrate how the cryo-FIB can be used for 3D imaging and how bulk-frozen cellular samples (obtained by high-pressure freezing) can be processed using the newly developed cryo-lift-out technology.
- Klíčová slova
- Cryo-CLEM, FIB/SEM tomography, cryo-ET, cryo-FIB, cryo-FIB/SEM, cryo-LM, cryo-electron, cryo-focused ion beam, cryo-lift-out, electron-tomography, focused ion beam, lift-out, tomography workflow,
- MeSH
- automatizace MeSH
- elektronová kryomikroskopie * MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- průběh práce MeSH
- tomografie elektronová * MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This paper presents the current results of cooperation focused on automatic billet straightening machine development. First, an experimental study of three-point bending realized on small specimens is presented to explain the basic ideas of the straightening. Then, the main regimes of straightening and the algorithm itself are described together. Subsequent finite element simulations of operational experiments show the applicability of the developed theory. The significance of material parameters estimation is depicted in this work. At least four parameters have to be properly determined for a new material in the straightening process.
- Klíčová slova
- FEM, billet straightening, control strategy, straightening process, three-point bending,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- automatizace * MeSH
- automatizované zpracování dat MeSH
- klinická chemie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The use of information technology and the automation of control systems in the energy sector enables a more efficient transmission and distribution of electricity. However, in addition to the many benefits that the deployment of intelligent and largely autonomous systems brings, it also carries risks associated with information and cyber security breaches. Technology systems form a specific and critical communication infrastructure, in which powerful control elements integrating IoT principles and IED devices are present. It also contains intelligent access control systems such as RTU, IDE, HMI, and SCADA systems that provide communication with the data and control center on the outer perimeter. Therefore, the key question is how to comprehensively protect these specialized systems and how to approach security implementation projects in this area. To establish rules, procedures, and techniques to ensure the cyber security of smart grid control systems in the energy sector, it is necessary to understand the security threats and bring appropriate measures to ensure the security of energy distribution. Given the use of a wide range of information and industrial technologies, it is difficult to protect energy distribution systems using standard constraints to protect common IT technologies and business processes. Therefore, as part of a comprehensive approach to cyber security, specifics such as legislative framework, technological constraints, international standards, specialized protocols or company processes, and many others need to be considered. Therefore, the key question is how to comprehensively protect these specialized systems and how to approach security implementation projects in this area. In this article, a basic security concept for control systems of power stations, which are part of the power transmission and distribution system, is presented based on the Smart Grid domain model with emphasis on substation intelligence, according to the Purdue model. The main contribution of the paper is the comprehensive design of mitigation measures divided into mandatory and recommended implementation based on the standards defined within the MITRE ATT&CK matrix specified, concerning the specifications of intelligent distribution substations. The proposed and industry-tested solution is mapped to meet the international security standards ISO 27001 and national legislation reflecting the requirements of NIS2. This ensures that the security requirements will be met when implementing the proposed Security Baseline.
- Klíčová slova
- ISO 27001, energy, security baseline, smart grid, substation,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- automatizace * MeSH
- automatizované zpracování dat MeSH
- klinická chemie MeSH
- laboratoře * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítače MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The process of manual species identification is a daunting task, so much so that the number of taxonomists is seen to be declining. In order to assist taxonomists, many methods and algorithms have been proposed to develop semi-automated and fully automated systems for species identification. While semi-automated tools would require manual intervention by a domain expert, fully automated tools are assumed to be not as reliable as manual or semiautomated identification tools. Hence, in this study we investigate the accuracy of fully automated and semi-automated models for species identification. We have built fully automated and semi-automated species classification models using the monogenean species image dataset. With respect to monogeneans' morphology, they are differentiated based on the morphological characteristics of haptoral bars, anchors, marginal hooks and reproductive organs (male and female copulatory organs). Landmarks (in the semi-automated model) and shape morphometric features (in the fully automated model) were extracted from four monogenean species images, which were then classified using k-nearest neighbour and artificial neural network. In semi-automated models, a classification accuracy of 96.67 % was obtained using the k-nearest neighbour and 97.5 % using the artificial neural network, whereas in fully automated models, a classification accuracy of 90 % was obtained using the k-nearest neighbour and 98.8 % using the artificial neural network. As for the crossvalidation, semi-automated models performed at 91.2 %, whereas fully automated models performed slightly higher at 93.75 %.
Enzyme kinetic measurements are important for the characterization and engineering of biocatalysts, with applications in a wide range of research fields. The measurement of initial reaction velocity is usually slow and laborious, which motivated us to explore the possibilities for automating this process. Our model enzyme is the maize β-glucosidase Zm-p60.1. Zm-p60.1 plays a significant role in plant growth and development by regulating levels of the active plant hormone cytokinin. Zm-p60.1 belongs to a wide group of hydrolytic enzymes. Members of this group hydrolyze several different types of glucosides, releasing glucose as a secondary product. Enzyme kinetic measurements using artificial substrates are well established, but burdensome and time-consuming. Thus, they are a suitable target for process automation. Simple optical methods for enzyme kinetic measurements using natural substrates are often impossible given the optical properties of the enzymatic reaction products. However, we have developed an automated method based on glucose detection, as glucose is released from all substrates of glucosidase reactions. The presented method can obtain 24 data points from up to 15 substrate concentrations to precisely describe the enzyme kinetics. The combination of an automated liquid handling process with assays that have been optimized for measuring the initial hydrolysis velocity of β-glucosidases yields two distinct methods that are faster, cheaper, and more accurate than the established protocols.
- Klíčová slova
- enzyme kinetics, fluorescence, glucose, glycoside hydrolases, lab automation, β-glucosidase,
- MeSH
- automatizace MeSH
- beta-glukosidasa chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kukuřice setá enzymologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-glukosidasa MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
