BACKGROUND: Proprioception, the ability to sense the body's position and movement, is essential for athletic performance and physical well-being. The literature highlights the importance of proprioceptive training in rehabilitation, sports performance, injury prevention, and motor function enhancement. Targeted training programs can improve balance, coordination, motor learning, and overall physical performance. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of proprioceptive training methods on sports and athletic performance. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and a literature review was performed based on the PICO criteria outlined in the abstract and title. RESULTS: Following the search, 178 articles were identified using relevant keywords, of which 19 directly addressed sports performance and were included in this study. The findings revealed that proprioceptive training had a positive influence on various aspects of athletic performance, including physiological capacity, balance, explosive strength, speed, agility, postural stability, knee joint position sense, muscle activation, reduction of chronic joint instability, dribbling, passing, and technical ball-control skills. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that proprioceptive training can be an effective strategy for experts and coaches to enhance athletes' physical performance. Primarily, proprioceptive exercises should be used inside and outside the training sessions to enable athletes to interact more effectively with their bodies, reduce the risk of injury, and improve power transfer.

• Klíčová slova
• Athletic performance, Proprioceptive exercise, Sports and proprioception, Sports performance, Sports rehabilitation,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING *, SPORTS *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sporty * MeSH
• tělesná výchova * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The current systematic review (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022334707) of observational (OS) and interventional studies (IS) aimed at evaluating the state of scientific knowledge on the basics of sports nutrition, framing discipline-specific dietary recommendations, and indicating potential directions for future studies in various age, experience level, and able-bodied abilities groups of basketball players (BP). A systematic search of PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science ended on 20 December 2022. Records were excluded if reporting studies on animals, sport disciplines other than basketball, or supplementation protocols other than those related to macronutrients and hydration manipulations. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using Cochrane RoB_2 tools, 'JBI checklist for prevalence studies', and 'Quality assessment tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group'. The relevant data was synthesized in tables and a narrative review was performed. Seventy-two records were included (2581 participants): 63 were on able-bodied BP (2433 participants) and 9 on para-athlete players (148 participants); 45 records were OS and 27 IS. The review disclosed widespread poor nutritional habits and knowledge and shortages in applying adequate nutritional and hydration practices in BP. Moreover, the systematic review revealed the lack of a sufficient number of investigations delivering reliable proof for framing discipline-specific and evidence-based recommendations on the basics of sports nutrition in basketball.

• Klíčová slova
• diet evaluation, eating habits, hydration practices, nutritional support, sports dietetics, team sports,
• MeSH
• basketbal * MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• para sportovci * MeSH
• předpověď MeSH
• sportovní nutriční věda * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Concussion in sport is often underdiagnosed with the potential risk of long-term sequelae. This article presents the mechanisms, the underlying pathophysiology and typical primary signs and symptoms. The recognition and resulting medical measures including the present recommendations and decisions on return to play are described. The majority of patients with concussion present with clinical and cognitive symptoms only for short time intervals. As a rule a complete subjective recovery is observed within a few hours or days. Although neurocognitive impairments can persist in individual cases, they also show a good tendency to heal. Thus, after 1 year nearly all patients no longer have any relevant disorders. In a few cases long-term disturbances can occur in the presence of certain risk factors and/or after repetitive concussion. Unspecific symptoms and some cognitive impairments are the main reported problems; however, there is also a potential but individually unpredictable risk of developing neurodegenerative alterations and diseases.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• komoce mozku diagnóza   etiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obnova funkce MeSH
• odpočinek MeSH
• ortopedie * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• směrnice jako téma MeSH
• sportovní úrazy diagnóza   etiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• sporty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Sports activity is generally considered to be beneficial to health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. Sports activities significantly affect the cardiovascular system. A number of studies show that they significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as decrease cardiovascular mortality. This review discusses changes in various cardiovascular parameters in athletes - vagotonia/bradycardia, hypertrophy of heart, ECG changes, blood pressure, and variability of cardiovascular parameters. Because of its relationship to the cardiovascular system, VO2max, which is widely used as an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, is also discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, particularly in relation to changes in the cardiovascular system in athletes. The review appropriately summarizes the above issues and points out some new implications.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém * MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sporty * fyziologie   MeSH
• srdce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ortopedické výkony * MeSH
• ortopedie * MeSH
• tělovýchovné lékařství * MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Evidence has been provided that adequate physical activity prevents diseases caused by hypokinesia (hyperlipoproteinaemia, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, obesity and to a certain extent also hypertension) and that it retards the ageing process, in particular osteoporosis. It prolongs thus active life and life in general. The majority of our population suffers from lack of exercise. It is therefore necessary to promote activity and sports not only in healthy young people (in particular with a sedentary occupation) but also in older people. And in the latter group in particular in those with a mild degree of ischaemic heart disease, mild hypertension, in obese subjects, diabetics and those who come from families where these diseases occur. Even when the disease is already advanced or a relapse is imminent, a certain amount of physical activity, controlled by sports doctors on agreement with the attending physician is indicated. Sports Consulting clinics, since the foundation of the first one in 1924, served all sportsmen and visitors. During the totalitarian regime district and regional departments of sports medicine were established as well as an Institute of National Health for top sports but their activities were restricted only to contesting sportsmen and professionals. During the foreseen reorganization of health care the care of sports doctors most be extended to comprise also the above mentioned groups of non-contesting people and subjects at risk. This will be possible only if sports medicine will be included in primary health care and if eventually a department of sports medicine will be established in every institute of national health. It will serve not only sportsmen but the public as a whole.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• tělesná výchova * MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
• tělovýchovné lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

Elite female athletes are vulnerable to respiratory limitations, and sports bra tightness may contribute to this phenomenon. Since the underband is located over the diaphragmatic ribcage, its tightness may affect ribcage mechanics, breathing muscles coordination, and fatigue. Seventeen trained junior female runners (VO2max = 53 ± 4 mL/kg/min) ran on a treadmill at personal race pace until exhaustion (range 15-30 min) in three standardised underband tightnesses. Ventilation (VE) and breathing pattern were recorded via Opto-electronic plethysmography throughout the run. Spirometry, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and leg and breathing effort questionnaires were collected pre- and post-run. MIP decreased more with the tight (-9.8 ± 8.3%) than the loose underband (-1.1 ± 7.3%) (p = 0.002). With greater underband tightness, VE was increased (+8.4 ± 13.1 % tight vs. loose, p = 0.03), inspiratory capacity was repressed (4.2 ± 5.1 %, p = 0.03) and thoraco-abdominal coordination was altered with earlier abdominal breathing sequencing. Since reduced underband tightness may be advantageous for ventilation via attenuated diaphragm fatigue, sports bras might be improved with updated fitting procedures or novel garment designs.

• Klíčová slova
• Breathing pattern, opto-electronic plethysmography, sports bra tightness,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The level of physical activity (PA) in adolescents is highly dependent on their PA preferences. PA preferences among adolescents are dominated by team PA, mostly team sports (TS). The aim of this study is to identify (a) the status and trends in the preferences of TS among Czech and Polish boys and girls in different educational and sports environments, and (b) the impact of the agreement between the preferred and simultaneously pursued TS on the structure of weekly PA and on the meeting of PA recommendations. METHODS: The research was carried out between 2009 and 2022 in the Czech Republic and Poland and included 2,939 boys and 4,427 girls aged 15-19 years. Preferences and participation in TS were identified using a PA preference questionnaire and weekly PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form. Trends in TS preferences were analyzed over 27-year periods. The participants were divided into groups by agreement and disagreement between the preferred and pursued TS, and by agreement and disagreement between the preferences of TS and participation in organized TS. RESULTS: Throughout the 14-year study period, boys in both countries preferred soccer, whereas girls favored volleyball. Agreement between preferences and participation in TS increased vigorous PA in Czech and Polish boys and girls. The agreement between the preferences for TS and participation in organized TS had the most significant effect on increasing vigorous PA in Czech and Polish boys and girls and on total PA in boys in both countries. Those who preferred and participated in TS were more likely to meet PA recommendations. CONCLUSION: Respecting the status and trends of TS preferences in supporting participation in TS increases adolescents' PA and their achievement of PA recommendations. Increasing active participation in organized TS among boys and girls may support regular PA and help eliminate the negative effects of the pandemic on adolescents' PA.

• Klíčová slova
• IPAQ, physical activity recommendations, soccer, sports preferences, volleyball,
• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• stupeň vzdělání MeSH
• týmové sporty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• KNEE/wounds and injuries *,
• MeSH
• kolenní kloub * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění kolena * MeSH
• sportovní úrazy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH