There is an agreement in the field that interlaboratory reproducibility of flow cytometry measurements as well as the whole studies might be improved by a consensual use of methodological approach. Typically, a consensus is made on a crucial markers needed in the immunostaining panel, sometimes on the particular fluorochrome conjugates and rarely on a complete set of methods for sample preparation. The term "standardization" is used to describe the complete set of methodical steps, while "harmonization" is used for partial agreement on the method. Standardization can provide a platform for improved reproducibility of cytometry results over prolonged periods of time, across different sites and across different instruments. For the purpose of structured discussion, several desired aims are described: common interpretation of the immunophenotype definition of a target subset, accurate quantification, reproducible pattern of a multicolor immunophenotype, and reproducible intensity of all measured parameters. An overview of how standardization was approached by several large consortia is provided: EuroFlow, The ONE Study, Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC), and several other groups. Their particular aims and the tools adopted to reach those aims are noted. How those standardization efforts were adopted in the field and how the resulting outcome was evaluated is reviewed. Multiple challenges in the instrument hardware design, instrument setup tools, reagent design, and quality features need to be addressed to achieve optimal standardization. Furthermore, the aims of different studies vary, and thus, the reasonable requirements for standardization differ. A framework of reference for the reasonable outcomes of different approaches is offered. Finally, it is argued that complete standardization is important not only for the reproducibility of measurements but also for education, for quality assessment and for algorithmic data analysis. The different standardized approaches can and in fact should serve as benchmarking reference tools for the development of future flow cytometry studies. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

• Klíčová slova
• EuroFlow, data analysis, flow cytometry, standardization,
• MeSH
• imunofenotypizace MeSH
• indikátory a reagencie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie * MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• indikátory a reagencie MeSH

The 226Ra standardization method is based on the removal of 222Rn by intensive venting and subsequent separation of radon daughter decay products on a column packed with lead filings, 226Ra remains in the eluate. The eluate was repeatedly measured by LSC, and the measured values were corrected for the increase in the activity of the 226Ra daughter products since the separation was completed. The method was applied to EB type solutions from CMI production. The 226Ra activity was determined with an uncertainty better than 0.6.

• Klíčová slova
• (226)Ra separation, (226)Ra standardization, 4πα liquid scintillation counting,
• MeSH
• dceřiné produkty radonu analýza   MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• radium * analýza   MeSH
• radon * analýza   MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• scintilace - počítání metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dceřiné produkty radonu MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• radium * MeSH
• radon * MeSH

The article summarises current knowledge about the preparation and standardisation of treatment and diagnosis of allergies. It summarises the basic conceptions, units, methods and conditions for preparation, conservation and the storage of allergens. The article is especially orientated towards grass pollen.

• MeSH
• alergeny * MeSH
• alergie diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• imunologické techniky normy   MeSH
• imunoterapie normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny * MeSH

Purpose: Thermal dose-effect relations have demonstrated that clinical effectiveness of hyperthermia would benefit from more controlled heating of the tumor. Hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) is a potent tool to study strategies enabling target conformal heating, but its accuracy is affected by patient modeling approximations. Homogeneous phantoms models are being used that do not match the body shape of patients in treatment position and often have unrealistic target volumes. As a consequence, simulation accuracy is affected, and performance comparisons are difficult. The aim of this study is to provide the first step toward standardization of HTP simulation studies in terms of patient modeling by introducing the Erasmus Virtual Patient Repository (EVPR): a virtual patient model database.Methods: Four patients with a tumor in the head and neck or the pelvis region were selected, and corresponding models were created using a clinical segmentation procedure. Using the Erasmus University Medical Center standard procedure, HTP was applied to these models and compared to HTP for commonly used surrogate models.Results: Although this study was aimed at presenting the EVPR database, our study illustrates that there is a non-negligible difference in the predicted SAR patterns between patient models and homogeneous phantom-based surrogate models. We further demonstrate the difference between actual and simplified target volumes being used today.Conclusion: Our study describes the EVPR for the research community as a first step toward standardization of hyperthermia simulation studies.

• Klíčová slova
• Hyperthermia, open research, patient models, standardization, treatment planning,
• MeSH
• hlava MeSH
• hypertermie * MeSH
• indukovaná hypertermie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• DIGITALIS/pharmacology *,
• MeSH
• Digitalis farmakologie   MeSH
• digitalisové glykosidy * MeSH
• referenční standardy * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• digitalisové glykosidy * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH

The paper presents the results from a primary standardization of (137)Cs using two independent methods - efficiency tracing using PC-NaI coincidence and the TDCR method. The nuclides (60)Co and (134)Cs were used as the tracers. Primary standardization of the (134)Cs is also discussed. The efficiency extrapolation was carried out by measuring samples of varying mass and using the wet extrapolation method. The results obtained are in good agreement; the differences did not exceed 0.5%. The advantages, pitfalls and also possibilities for improvement of the procedures are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• Coincidence method, Cs-134 standardization, Cs-137 standardization, Efficiency tracing method, TDCR method,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• DIGITALIS/pharmacology *,
• MeSH
• Digitalis farmakologie   MeSH
• digitalisové glykosidy * MeSH
• referenční standardy * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• digitalisové glykosidy * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• WATER SUPPLY/microbiology *,
• MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
• referenční standardy * MeSH
• zásobování vodou mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: One of the main challenges in modern science is the amount of data produced by the experimental work; it is difficult to store, organize and share the scientific data and to extract the wealth of knowledge. Experimental method descriptions in scientific publications are often incomplete, which complicates experimental reproducibility. The proposed system was created in order to address these issues. It provides a solution for management of the experimental data and metadata to support the reproducibility. IMPLEMENTATION: The system is implemented as a repository for experiment descriptions and experimental data. It has three main entry points: desktop application for protocol design and data processing, web interface dedicated for protocol and data management, and web-based interface for mobile devices suitable for the field experiments. The functionality of desktop client can be extended using the custom plug-ins for data extraction and data processing. The system provides several methods to support experimental reproducibility: standardized terminology support, data and metadata at a single location, standardized protocol design or protocol evolution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The system was tested in the framework of international infrastructure project AQUAEXCEL with five pilot installations at different institutes. The general testing in Tissue culture certified laboratory, Institute of complex systems and IFREMER verified the usability under different research infrastructures. The specific testing focused on the data processing modules and plug-ins demonstrated the modularity of the system for the specific conditions. The BioWes system represents experimental data as black box and therefore can handle any data type so as to provide broad usability for a variety of experiments and provide the data management infrastructure to improve the reproducibility and data sharing. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed system provides the tools for standard data management operations and extends the support by the standardization possibilities, protocol evolution with visualization features and modularity based on the data processing modules and device communication plug-ins. The software can be used at different organization levels: from a single researcher (to improve data organization) to research consortium through the central protocols management repository. Support from the protocol design until being shared with the standardization features helps to improve the reproducibility of research work. The platform provides support from experimental protocol design to cooperation using simple sharing.

• Klíčová slova
• Data management, Data processing, Experimental data, Metadata, Reproducibility, Sharing, Standardization,
• MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• mobilní telefon MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• software * MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací normy   MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• SEROLOGY *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• referenční standardy * MeSH
• sérologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH