Increasing prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents has become a significant public health issue driving a considerable amount of research. Aspects discussed in this document include advances in the definition of HTN in 16 year or older, clinical significance of isolated systolic HTN in youth, the importance of out of office and central blood pressure measurement, new risk factors for HTN, methods to assess vascular phenotypes, clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and treatment strategies among others. The recommendations of the present document synthesize a considerable amount of scientific data and clinical experience and represent the best clinical wisdom upon which physicians, nurses and families should base their decisions. In addition, as they call attention to the burden of HTN in children and adolescents, and its contribution to the current epidemic of cardiovascular disease, these guidelines should encourage public policy makers to develop a global effort to improve identification and treatment of high blood pressure among children and adolescents.

Pediatric Department Consorcio Hospital General University of Valencia Valencia bCIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición Instituto de Salud Carlos 3 Madrid Spain cClinica Medica Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Italy dDiabetes and Nutritional Science Division Kings College London eCollege of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK fCardiology Department Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey gDepartment of Pediatrics Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway hDepartment of Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Milan Italy iDepartment of Nephrology and Arterial Hypertension The Children's Memorial Health Institute Warsaw Poland jCenter of Epidemiology and Clinical Trials IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano Milano Italy kDepartment of Medicine and Coordination Centre for Drug Development University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary lDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Erlangen Nürnberg Erlangen Germany mDepartment of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinico de Valencia University of Valencia nINCLIVA Research Institute Valencia Spain oDivision of Pediatric Nephrology Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany pDepartment of Paediatrics 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic qDepartment of Paediatric Nephrology Evelina London Children's Hospital Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK r1st Department of Pediatrics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Hippokratio Hospital Thessaloniki Greece sDepartment of Paediatric Nephrology and NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility University of Manchester Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester UK tDivision of Pediatric Nephrology

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