Silybin and its congeners belong to a group of flavonolignans with strong biological activities. These compounds are potentially applicable in human medicine, e. g. due to their cytoprotective activity. As a part of herbal preparations available on the open market, they face the risk of potential negative drug-drug interactions. This review aims to evaluate current knowledge on the metabolism of these compounds by biotransformation enzymes, interactions with other drugs, their pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability. While silybin and its derivatives interact with cytochrome P450s, only metabolism of silybin by cytochrome P450 2C8 poses a risk of adverse effects. The main biotransformation route of silybin and derivatives was identified as conjugation, which is stereospecific in case of silybin. Studies of the metabolism, pharmacokinetics, potentional drug--drug interactions and increasing bioavailability of these flavonolignans play an important facet of possible therapeutical use of these compounds. The goal of our review is to aid future developments in the area of silybin research.

Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Hnevotínská 3 CZ 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic

References provided by Crossref.org

Sulfated Phenolic Substances: Preparation and Optimized HPLC Analysis

Chirality Matters: Biological Activity of Optically Pure Silybin and Its Congeners

Identification of Human Sulfotransferases Active towards Silymarin Flavonolignans and Taxifolin

Biotransformation of Silymarin Flavonolignans by Human Fecal Microbiota

Sulfated Metabolites of Flavonolignans and 2,3-Dehydroflavonolignans: Preparation and Properties