- Keywords
- gelové kapsle,
- MeSH
- Gastric Absorption drug effects MeSH
- Thyroiditis, Autoimmune * diagnosis drug therapy immunology MeSH
- Hypothyroidism complications MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Decision Making drug effects MeSH
- Thyrotropin * analysis blood MeSH
- Thyroxine * administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Capsules administration & dosage MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Identifying intended or accidental cellular targets for drug delivery systems is highly relevant for evaluating therapeutic and toxic effects. However, limited knowledge exists on the distribution of nano- and micrometer-sized carrier systems at the cellular level in different organs. We hypothesized that clinically relevant carrier materials, differing in composition and size, are able to target distinct myeloid cell subsets that control inflammatory processes, such as macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells. Therefore, we analyzed the biodistribution and in vivo cellular uptake of intravenously injected poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) polymers, PEGylated liposomes and poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles in mice, using whole-body imaging (computed tomography - fluorescence-mediated tomography), intra-organ imaging (intravital multi-photon microscopy) and cellular analysis (flow cytometry of blood, liver, spleen, lung and kidney). While the three carrier materials shared accumulation in tissue macrophages in liver and spleen, they notably differed in uptake by other myeloid subsets. Kupffer cells and splenic red pulp macrophages rapidly take up microbubbles. Liposomes efficiently reach dendritic cells in liver, lung and kidney. Polymers exhibit the longest circulation half-life and target endothelial cells in the liver, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. The identification of such previously unrecognized target cell populations might open up new avenues for more efficient drug delivery.
- MeSH
- Molecular Targeted Therapy methods MeSH
- Liposomes chemistry MeSH
- Microbubbles therapeutic use MeSH
- Myeloid Cells chemistry cytology MeSH
- Mice, Nude MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Nanocapsules administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Organ Specificity MeSH
- Polymers chemistry MeSH
- Materials Testing MeSH
- Tissue Distribution MeSH
- Capsules administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Viscera chemistry cytology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
PURPOSE: Drug administration through nasogastric tube (NGT) is a standard practice but the real amount of the delivered drug is unknown. Therefore, we designed a study to determine the losses of various dosage forms administered by different methods through NGT. METHODS: In vitro model was used. Five different administration methods (A-E) and six dosage forms (simple compressed tablets - T/S; film coated tablets - T/FC; enteric coated tablets - T/EC; capsules with powder filling - C/P; capsules containing extended release pellets - C/ER; capsules containing gastro-resistant pellets - C/GR) were investigated. Measurement was repeated six times for each drug-method combination. The overall losses were determined by gravimetry. In method A partial losses associated with each step of drug administration were also determined. RESULTS: Significant drug losses were measured (4-38%). Only methods A (crushing-beaker-syringe-water-NGT) and B (crushing-water-syringe-NGT) were suitable for administration of all tested dosage forms. Method B proved the most effective for all kinds of tablets and C/GR (p<0.05) and tended to be more effective also for C/ER (p=0.052) compared to method A. C/P showed minimal losses for both tested methods (B and E). Flushing of the drug through NGT causes major losses during drug administration compared to crushing and transfer (p<0.05). All methods for intact pellets (C-E) were found inappropriate for clinical practice due to NGT clogging. CONCLUSIONS: Choosing a suitable administration method can significantly affect the amount of drugs delivered through NGT.
- MeSH
- Intubation, Gastrointestinal * MeSH
- Pharmaceutical Preparations administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Delayed-Action Preparations administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Tablets administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Capsules administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Měkké želatinové tobolky jsou lékovou formou vhodnou zejména pro aplikaci citlivých a technologickyproblémových léčiv, maskují nepříjemnou chuť nebo zápach léčiva, barevné kombinace zvyšujíbezpečnost terapie vyloučením záměn. Jejich výroba je náročná, závisí na kvalitě želatiny a želatinovéhmoty pro stěnu tobolek, na vlastnostech náplně, na vzájemných interakcích mezi náplnía stěnou a na speciálním „know-how“, které je bezpodmínečným předpokladem úspěšné výroby tétolékové formy. Vysoké výrobní náklady vedou ze strany výrobců k maximální racionalizaci všechvýrobních kroků. Článek je přehledem charakterizujícím měkké želatinové tobolky, jejich výrobnípostupy a hodnocení jakosti.
Soft gelatin capsules are a dosage form suitable particularly for administration of sensitive drugsposing technological problems. They mask an unpleasant taste or smell of the drug and the colourcombinations increase the safety of therapy by excluding interchangings. Their manufacture isundemanding, it depends on the quality of gelatin and the gelatin mass for the shell of the capsules,on the properties of the fill, on mutual interactions between the fill and the shell, and on a specialknow-how, which is an unconditional precondition of successful manufacture of this dosage formThe paper is a review characterizing soft gelatin capsules, processes of their manufactures, andquality evaluation.
- MeSH
- Capsules administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Gelatin administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
