Isoquercitrin: pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism
Language English Country Great Britain, England Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review
PubMed
24680690
DOI
10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.018
PII: S0278-6915(14)00147-1
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Bioavailability, Biological activity, Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin, Quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, Quercetin-3-glucoside, Safety,
- MeSH
- Biological Availability MeSH
- Biotransformation MeSH
- Chemical Phenomena MeSH
- Chemoprevention methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Quercetin analogs & derivatives chemistry pharmacokinetics toxicity MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- isoquercitrin MeSH Browser
- Quercetin MeSH
The flavonoid isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) is commonly found in medicinal herbs, fruits, vegetables and plant-derived foods and beverages. This article reviews the occurrence, preparation, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and biological activity of isoquercitrin and "enzymatically modified (α-glucosylated) isoquercitrin" (EMIQ). Pure isoquercitrin can now be obtained on a large scale by enzymatic rutin hydrolysis with α-l-rhamnosidase. Isoquercitrin has higher bioavailability than quercetin and displays a number of chemoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo, against oxidative stress, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and allergic reactions. Although small amounts of intact isoquercitrin can be found in plasma and tissues after oral application, it is extensively metabolized in the intestine and the liver. Biotransformation of isoquercitrin includes deglycosylation, followed by formation of conjugated and methylated derivatives of quercetin or degradation to phenolic acids and carbon dioxide. The acceptable daily intake of (95%) isoquercitrin and of EMIQ was estimated to be 5.4 and 4.9mg/kg/day, respectively. Adverse effects of higher doses in rats included mostly (benign) chromaturia; nevertheless some drug interactions may occur due to the modulation of the activity and/or expression of drug metabolizing/transporting systems. With respect to the safety, affordability and beneficial pharmacological activities, highly pure isoquercitrin is a prospective substance for food supplementation.
References provided by Crossref.org
Flavonoids as Aglycones in Retaining Glycosidase-Catalyzed Reactions: Prospects for Green Chemistry
"Sweet Flavonoids": Glycosidase-Catalyzed Modifications
Chemoenzymatic Preparation and Biophysical Properties of Sulfated Quercetin Metabolites
Synthesis and Antiradical Activity of Isoquercitrin Esters with Aromatic Acids and Their Homologues
Isoquercitrin Esters with Mono- or Dicarboxylic Acids: Enzymatic Preparation and Properties
