Utilizing of Adsorptive Transfer Stripping Technique Brdicka Reaction for Determination of Metallothioneins Level in Melanoma Cells, Blood Serum and Tissues

. 2008 May 10 ; 8 (5) : 3106-3122. [epub] 20080510

Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE Jazyk angličtina Země Švýcarsko Médium electronic

Typ dokumentu časopisecké články

Perzistentní odkaz   https://www.medvik.cz/link/pmid27879868

In the paper we utilized the adsorptive transfer stripping differential pulse voltammetry Brdicka reaction for the determination of metallothioneins (MT) in melanoma cells, animal melanoma tissues (MeLiM miniature pig) and blood serum of patients with malignant melanoma. Primarily we attempted to investigate the influence of dilution of real sample on MT electrochemical response. Dilution of samples of 1 000 times was chosen the most suitable for determination of MT level in biological samples. Then we quantified the MT level in the melanoma cells, the animal melanoma tissues and the blood serum samples. The MT content in the cells varied within the range from 4.2 to 11.2 μM. At animal melanoma tissues (melanomas localized on abdomen, back limb and dorsum) the highest content of MT was determined in the tumour sampled on the back of the animal and was nearly 500 μg of MTs per gram of a tissue. We also quantified content of MT in metastases, which was found in liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Moreover the average MT level in the blood serum samples from patients with melanoma was 3.0 ± 0.8 μM. MT levels determined at melanoma samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to control ones at cells, tissues and blood serum.

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Kagi J.H.R., Schaffer A. Biochemistry of Metallothionein. Biochemistry. 1988;27:8509–8515. PubMed

Kizek R., Vacek J., Adam V., Vojtesek B. Metallothionein - Cisplatin and anticancer therapy. Klin. Biochem. Metab. 2004;12:72–78.

Studnickova M., Turanek J., Zabrsova H., Krejci M., Kysel M. Rat liver metallothioneins are metal dithiolene clusters. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1997;421:25–32.

Hamer D.H. Metallothionein. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1986;55:913–951. PubMed

Cousins R.J. Absorption, Transport, and Hepatic-Metabolism of Copper and Zinc - Special Reference to Metallothionein and Ceruloplasmin. Physiol. Rev. 1985;65:238–309. PubMed

Kagi J.H.R. Overview of Metallothionein. Method Enzymol. 1991;205:613–626. PubMed

Roesijadi G. Metallothioneins in Metal Regulation and Toxicity in Aquatic Animals. Aquat. Toxicol. 1992;22:81–114.

Theocharis S.E., Margeli A.P., Klijanienko J.T., Kouraklis G.P. Metallothionein expression in human neoplasia. Histopathology. 2004;45:103–118. PubMed

Dutsch-Wicherek M., Popiela T.J., Klimek M., Rudnicka-Sosin L., Wicherek L., Oudinet J.P., Skladzien J., Tomaszewska R. Metallothionein stroma reaction in tumor adjacent healthy tissue in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2005;26:567–574. PubMed

Klimek M., Wicherek L., Galazka K., Tetlak T., Popiela T.J., Kulczycka M., Rudnicka-Sosin L., Dutsch-Wicherek M. Cycle dependent expression of endometrial metallothionein. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2005;26:663–666. PubMed

Klimek R. Biology of cancer: Thermodynamic answers to some questions. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2001;22:413–416. PubMed

Kukacka J., Vajtr D., Huska D., Prusa R., Houstava L., Samal F., Diopan V., Kotaska K., Kizek R. Blood Metallothionein, Neuron Specific Enolase, And Protein S100B In Patients With Trauma Brain Injury. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2006;27:116–120. PubMed

Prusa R., Blastik O., Potesil D., Trnkova L., Zehnalek J., Adam V., Petrlova J., Jelen F., Kizek R. Analytic method for determination of metallothioneins as tumor markers. Clin. Chem. 2005;51:A56–A56.

Prusa R., Kizek R., Vacek J., Trnkova L., Zehnalek J. Study of relationship betwenn metallothionein and heavy metals by CPSA method. Clin. Chem. 2004;50:A28–A29.

Prusa R., Petrlova J., Kukacka J., Adam V., Sures B., Beklova M., Kizek R. Study of interaction of glutathiones and metallothionein with cytostatics. Clin. Chem. 2006;52:A175–A175.

Prusa R., Svoboda M., Blastik O., Adam V., Zitka O., Beklova M., Eckschlager T., Kizek R. Increase in content of metallothionein as marker of resistence to cisplatin treatment. Clin. Chem. 2006;52:A174–A175.

Dziegiel P., Suder E., Surowiak P., Kornafel J., Zabel M. Expression of metallothionein in synovial sarcoma cells. Appl. Immunohistochem. 2002;10:357–362. PubMed

Goldmann T., Moorkamp A., Wiedorn K.H., Suter L., Otto F. The prognostic value of the expression of collagenase IV, cathepsin D and metallothionein in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin determined by immunohistochemistry. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 2001;293:115–120. PubMed

Goldmann T., Ribbert D., Suter L., Brode M., Otto F. Tumor characteristics involved in the metastatic behaviour as an improvement in primary cutaneous melanoma prognostics. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 1998;17:483–489. PubMed

Jin R.X., Huang J.X., Tan P.H., Bay B.H. Clinicopathological significance of metallothioneins in breast cancer. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 2004;10:74–79. PubMed

Mitropoulos D., Kyroudi-Voulgari A., Theocharis S., Serafetinides E., Moraitis E., Zervas A., Kittas C. Prognostic significance of metallothionein expression in renal cell carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol. 2005;3:5. PubMed PMC

Ohshio G., Imamura T., Okada N., Wang Z.H., Yamaki K., Kyogoku T., Suwa H., Yamabe H., Imamura M. Immunohistochemical study of metallothionein in pancreatic carcinomas. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 1996;122:351–355. PubMed

Sauerbrey A., Zintl F., Volm M. Expression of Metallothionein in Initial and Relapsed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic-Leukemia. Ann. Hematol. 1994;69:111–115. PubMed

Shukla V.K., Aryya N.C., Pitale A., Pandey M., Dixit V.K., Reddy C.D., Gautam A. Metallothionein expression in carcinoma of the gallbladder. Histopathology. 1998;33:154–157. PubMed

Sugita K., Yamamoto O., Asahi M. Immunohistochemical analysis of metallothionein expression in malignant melanoma in Japanese patients. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 2001;23:29–35. PubMed

Surowiak P., Materna V., Kaplenko I., Spaczynski M., Dietel M., Lage H., Zabel M. Augmented expression of metallothionein and glutathione S-transferase pi as unfavourable prognostic factors in cisplatin-treated ovarian cancer patients. Virchows Arch. 2005;447:626–633. PubMed

Zelger B., Hittmair A., Schir M., Ofner C., Ofner D., Fritsch P.O., Bocker W., Jasani B., Schmid K.W. Immunohistochemically Demonstrated Metallothionein Expression in Malignant-Melanoma. Histopathology. 1993;23:257–264. PubMed

Weinlich G., Eisendle K., Hassler E., Baltaci M., Fritsch P.O., Zelger B. Metallothionein - overexpression as a highly significant prognostic factor in melanoma: a prospective study on 1270 patients. Br. J. Cancer. 2006;94:835–841. PubMed PMC

Meyskens F.L., Farmer P.J., Anton-Culver H. Etiologic pathogenesis of melanoma: A unifying hypothesis for the missing attributable risk. Clin. Cancer Res. 2004;10:2581–2583. PubMed

Weinlich G., Bitterlich W., Mayr V., Fritsch P.O., Zelger B. Metallothionein-overexpression as a prognostic factor for progression and survival in melanoma. A prospective study on 520 patients. Br. J. Dermatol. 2003;149:535–541. PubMed

Sarangarajan R., Apte S.P. The polymerization of melanin: a poorly understood phenomenon with egregious biological implications. Melanoma Res. 2006;16:3–10. PubMed

Happle R., Traupe H., Vakilzadeh F., Macher E. Arguments in Favor of a Polygenic Inheritance of Precursor Nevi. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1982;6:540–542. PubMed

Kamb A., Shattuckeidens D., Eeles R., Liu Q., Gruis N.A., Ding W., Hussey C., Tran T., Miki Y., Weaverfeldhaus J., McClure M., Aitken J.F., Anderson D.E., Bergman W., Frants R., Goldgar D.E., Green A., Maclennan R., Martin N.G., Meyer L.J., Youl P., Zone J.J., Skolnick M.H., Cannonalbright L.A. Analysis of the P16 Gene (Cdkn2) as a Candidate for the Chromosome 9p Melanoma Susceptibility Locus. Nature Genet. 1994;8:22–26. PubMed

Gruis N.A., Vandervelden P.A., Sandkuijl L.A., Prins D.E., Weaverfeldhaus J., Kamb A., Bergman W., Frants R.R. Homozygotes for Cdkn2 (P16) Germline Mutation in Dutch Familial Melanoma Kindreds. Nature Genet. 1995;10:351–353. PubMed

Vasen H.F.A., Gruis N.A., Frants R.R., van der Velden P.A., Hille E.T.M., Bergman W. Risk of developing pancreatic cancer in families with familial atypical multiple mole melanoma associated with a specific 19 deletion of p16 (p16-Leiden) Int. J. Cancer. 2000;87:809–811. PubMed

Kefford R., Bishop J.N., Tucker M., Bressac-de-Paillerets B., Bianchi-Scarra G., Bergman W., Goldstein A., Puig S., Mackie R., Elder D., Hansson J., Hayward N., Hogg D., Olsson H. Genetic testing for melanoma. Lancet Oncol. 2002;3:653–654. PubMed

Goldstein A.M., Chan M., Harland M., Hayward N.K., Demenais F., Bishop D.T., Azizi E., Bergman W., Bianchi-Scarra G., Bruno W., Calista D., Albright L.A.C., Chaudru V., Chompret A., Cuellar F., Elder D.E., Ghiorzo P., Gillanders E.M., Gruis N.A., Hansson J., Hogg D., Holland E.A., Kanetsky P.A., Kefford R.F., Landi M.T., Lang J., Leachman S.A., MacKie R.M., Magnusson V., Mann G.J., Bishop J.N., Palmer J.M., Puig S., Puig-Butille J.A., Stark M., Tsao H., Tucker M.A., Whitaker L., Yakobson E. Features associated with germline CDKN2A mutations: a GenoMEL study of melanoma-prone families from three continents. J. Med. Genet. 2007;44:99–106. PubMed PMC

Alvarado N.E., Cancio I., Hylland K., Marigomez I., Soto M. Immunolocalization of metallothioneins in different tissues of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) exposed to Cd. Histol. Histopath. 2007;22:719–728. PubMed

Alves S., Cardoso S.V., Bernardes V.D.F., Machado V.C., Mesquita R.A., do Carmo M.A.V., Aguiar M.C.F. Metallothionein immunostaining in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands. Oral Oncol. 2007;43:252–256. PubMed

Lobinski R., Chassaigne H., Szpunar J. Analysis for metallothioneins using coupled techniques. Talanta. 1998;46:271–289. PubMed

Szpunar J. Bio-inorganic speciation analysis by hyphenated techniques. Analyst. 2000;125:963–988. PubMed

Szpunar J., Lobinski R., Prange A. Hyphenated techniques for elemental speciation in biological systems. Appl. Spectrosc. 2003;57:102A–112A. PubMed

Chassaigne H., Lobinski R. Characterization of metallothionein isoforms by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line post-column acidification and electrospray mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 1998;829:127–136. PubMed

Chassaigne H., Lobinski R. Characterization of horse kidney metallothionein isoforms by electrospray MS and reversed-phase HPLC-electrospray MS. Analyst. 1998;123:2125–2130. PubMed

Chassaigne H., Lobinski R. Polymorphism and identification of metallothionein isoforms by reversed-phase HPLC with on-line ion spray mass spectrometric detection. Anal. Chem. 1998;70:2536–2543. PubMed

Kizek R., Vacek J., Trnkova L., Klejdus B., Havel L. Application of catalytic reactions on a mercury electrode for metallothionein electrochemical detection. Chem. Listy. 2004;98:166–173.

Thompson J.A.J., Cosson R.P. An improved electrochemical method for the quantification of metallothioneins in marine organisms. Marine Environ. Res. 1984;11:137–152.

Dabrio M., Rodriguez A.R., Bordin G., Bebianno M.J., De Ley M., Šestakova I., Vasak M., Nordberg M. Recent developments in quantification methods for metallothionein. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2002;88:123–134. PubMed

Sestakova I., Navratil T. Voltammetric methods in metallothionein research. Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. 2005;3:43–53. PubMed PMC

Adam V., Blastik O., Krizkova S., Lubal P., Kukacka J., Prusa R., Kizek R. Application of the Brdicka reaction in determination of metallothionein in patients with tumours. Chem. Listy. 2008;102:51–58.

Adam V., Beklova M., Pikula J., Hubalek J., Trnkova L., Kizek R. Shapes of differential pulse voltammograms and level of metallothionein at different animal species. Sensors. 2007;7:2419–2429. PubMed PMC

Kukacka J., Vajtr D., Huska D., Prusa R., Houstava L., Samal F., Diopan V., Kotaska K., Kizek R. Blood metallothionein, neuron specific enolase, and protein S100B in patients with traumatic brain injury. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2006;27:116–120. PubMed

Adam V., Krizkova S., Zitka O., Trnkova L., Petrlova J., Beklova M., Kizek R. Determination of apo-metallothionein using adsorptive transfer stripping technique in connection with differential pulse voltammetry. Electroanalysis. 2007;19:339–347.

Petrlova J., Potesil D., Mikelova R., Blastik O., Adam V., Trnkova L., Jelen F., Prusa R., Kukacka J., Kizek R. Attomole voltammetric determination of metallothionein. Electrochim. Acta. 2006;51:5112–5119.

Yang M.L., Zhang Z.J., Hu Z.B., Li J.H. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry detection of metallothionein at bismuth film electrodes. Talanta. 2006;69:1162–1165. PubMed

Adam V., Petrlova J., Potesil D., Zehnalek J., Sures B., Trnkova L., Jelen F., Kizek R. Study of metallothionein modified electrode surface behavior in the presence of heavy metal ions-biosensor. Electroanalysis. 2005;17:1649–1657.

Lopez M.J., Arino C., Diaz-Cruz S., Diaz-Cruz J.M., Tauler R., Esteban M. Voltammetry assisted by multivariate analysis as a tool for speciation of metallothioneins: Competitive complexation of alpha- and beta-metallothionein domains with cadmium and zinc. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003;37:5609–5616. PubMed

Diaz-Cruz M.S., Lopez M.J., Diaz-Cruz J.M., Esteban M. Comparison of the zinc-cadmium exchange properties of the metallothionein related peptide {Lys-Cys-Thr-Cys-Cys-Ala} and a zinc-containing metallothionein: study by voltammetry and multivariate curve resolution. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2002;523:114–125.

Sestakova I., Mader P. Voltammetry on mercury and carbon electrodes as a tool for studies of metallothionein interactions with metal ions. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2000;46:257–267. PubMed

Erk M., Raspor B. Advantages and disadvantages of voltammetric method in studying cadmium-metallothionein interactions. Cell. Mol. Biol. 2000;46:269–281. PubMed

Erk M., Ivankovic D., Raspor B., Pavicic J. Evaluation of different purification procedures for the electrochemical quantification of mussel metallothioneins. Talanta. 2002;57:1211–1218. PubMed

Raspor B. Elucidation of the mechanism of the Brdicka reaction. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001;503:159–162.

Brdicka R. Polarographic investigation in serological cancer diagnosis. Nature. 1937;139:1020–1021.

Brdicka R. Application of the polarographic effect of proteins in cancer diagnosis. Nature. 1937;139:330–330.

Huska D., Krizkova S., Beklova M., Havel L., Zehnalek J., Diopan V., Adam V., Zeman L., Babula P., Kizek R. Influence of cadmium(II) ions and brewery sludge on metallothionein level in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) - Biotransforming of toxic wastes. Sensors. 2008;8:1039–1047. PubMed PMC

Kizek R., Trnkova L., Palecek E. Determination of metallothionein at the femtomole level by constant current stripping chronopotentiometry. Anal. Chem. 2001;73:4801–4807. PubMed

Kizek R., Vacek J., Trnkova L., Klejdus B., Havel L. Application of catalytic reactions on a mercury electrode for electrochemical detection of metallothioneins. Chem. Listy. 2004;98:166–173.

Krizkova S., Zitka O., Adam V., Beklova M., Horna A., Svobodova Z., Sures B., Trnkova L., Zeman L., Kizek R. Possibilities of electrochemical techniques in metallothionein and lead detection in fish tissues. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 2007;52:143–148.

Ostatna V., Palecek E. Native, denatured and reduced BSA - Enhancement of chronopotentiometric peak H by guanidinium chloride. Electrochim. Acta. 2008;53:4014–4021.

Petrlova J., Krizkova S., Zitka O., Hubalek J., Prusa R., Adam V., Wang J., Beklova M., Sures B., Kizek R. Utilizing a chronopotentiometric sensor technique for metallothionein determination in fish tissues and their host parasites. Sens. Actuator B-Chem. 2007;127:112–119.

Serrano N., Sestakova I., Diaz-Cruz J.M. Constant current stripping chronopotentiometry for the study of adsorbing inert and electrochemically nonreversible metal complexes at low concentrations: Application to Cd and Zn metallothioneins. Electroanalysis. 2006;18:169–176.

Serrano N., Sestakova I., Diaz-Cruz J.M., Arino C. Adsorptive accumulation in constant current stripping chronopotentiometry as an alternative for the electrochemical study of metal complexation by thiol-containing peptides. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2006;591:105–117.

Sestakova I., Kopanica M., Havran L., Palecek E. Constant current chronopotentiometric stripping analysis of Cd-metallothionein on carbon and mercury electrodes. Comparison with voltammetry. Electroanalysis. 2000;12:100–104.

Strouhal M., Kizek R., Vecek J., Trnkova L., Nemec M. Electrochemical study of heavy metals and metallothionein in yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Bioelectrochemistry. 2003;60:29–36. PubMed

Tomschik M., Havran L., Fojta M., Palecek E. Constant current chronopotentiometric stripping analysis of bioactive peptides at mercury and carbon electrodes. Electroanalysis. 1998;10:403–409.

Tomschik M., Havran L., Palecek E., Heyrovsky M. The “presodium” catalysis of electroreduction of hydrogen ions on mercury electrodes by metallothionein. An investigation by constant current derivative stripping chronopotentiometry. Electroanalysis. 2000;12:274–279.

Trnkova L., Kizek R., Vacek J. Catalytic signal of rabbit liver metallothionein on a mercury electrode: a combination of derivative chronopotentiometry with adsorptive transfer stripping. Bioelectrochemistry. 2002;56:57–61. PubMed

Lauerova L., Dusek L., Simickova M., Kocak I., Vagundova M., Zaloudik J., Kovarik J. Malignant melanoma associates with Th1/Th2 imbalance that coincides with disease progression and immunotherapy response. Neoplasma. 2002;49:159–166. PubMed

Supalkova V., Petrek J., Baloun J., Adam V., Bartusek K., Trnkova L., Beklova M., Diopan V., Havel L., Kizek R. Multi-instrumental investigation of affecting of early somatic embryos of Spruce by cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions. Sensors. 2007;7:743–759.

Erk M., Ivanković D., Raspor B., Pavičić J. Evaluation of different purification procedures for the electrochemical quantification of mussel metallothioneins. Talanta. 2002;57:1211–1218. PubMed

Petrlova J., Potesil D., Zehnalek J., Sures B., Adam V., Trnkova L., Kizek R. Cisplatin electrochemical biosensor. Electrochim. Acta. 2006;51:5169–5173.

Fortyn K., Hruban V., Horak V., Tichy J. Exceptional occurrence and extent of malignant melanoma in pig. Vet. Med. 1998;43:87–91.

Horak V., Fortyn K., Hruban V., Klaudy J. Hereditary melanoblastoma in miniature pigs and its successful therapy by devitalization technique. Cell. Mol. Biol. 1999;45:1119–1129. PubMed

Borovansky J., Horak V., Elleder M., Fortyn K., Smit N.P.M., Kolb A.M. Biochemical characterization of a new melanoma model the minipig MeLiM strain. Melanoma Res. 2003;13:543–548. PubMed

Geffrotin C., Crechet F., Le Roy P., Le Chalony C., Leplat J.J., Iannuccelli N., Barbosa A., Renard C., Gruand J., Milan D., Horak V., Tricaud Y., Bouet S., Franck M., Frelat G., Vincent-Naulleau S. Identification of five chromosomal regions involved in predisposition to melanoma by genome-wide scan in the MeLiM swine model. Int. J. Cancer. 2004;110:39–50. PubMed

Vincent-Naulleau S., Le Chalony C., Leplat J.J., Bouet S., Bailly C., Spatz A., Vielh P., Avril M.F., Tricaud Y., Gruand J., Horak V., Frelat G., Geffrotin C. Clinical and histopathological characterization of cutaneous melanomas in the melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov minipig model. Pigm. Cell. Res. 2004;17:24–35. PubMed

Svoboda M., Eichlerova K., Horak V., Hradecky J. Development of haematological indices in melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs. Acta Vet. BRNO. 2005;74:603–611.

Le Chalony C., Renard C., Vincent-Naulleau S., Crechet F., Leplat J.J., Tricaud Y., Horak V., Gruand J., Le Roy P., Frelat G., Geffrotin C. CDKN2A region polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to melanoma in the melim swine model of familial melanoma. Int. J. Cancer. 2003;103:631–635. PubMed

Geffrotin C., Horak V., Crechet F., Tricaud Y., Lethias C., Vincent-Naulleau S., Vielh P. Opposite regulation of tenascin-C and tenascin-X in MeLiM swine heritable cutaneous malignant melanoma. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gen. Subj. 2000;1524:196–202. PubMed

Potesil D., Mikelova R., Adam V., Kizek R., Prusa R. Change of the protein p53 electrochemical signal according to its structural form - Quick and sensitive distinguishing of native, denatured, and aggregated form of the “guardian of the genome”. Protein J. 2006;25:23–32. PubMed

Breazeale R.I., Fishburn J., Buchanan T., Stone J. Overexpression of metallothionein and survival in uveal melanoma. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1996;37:2877–2877.

Nejnovějších 20 citací...

Zobrazit více v
Medvik | PubMed

Melanoma-Bearing Libechov Minipig (MeLiM): The Unique Swine Model of Hereditary Metastatic Melanoma

. 2019 Nov 09 ; 10 (11) : . [epub] 20191109

MALDI MSI of MeLiM melanoma: Searching for differences in protein profiles

. 2017 ; 12 (12) : e0189305. [epub] 20171208

Zinc and zinc-containing biomolecules in childhood brain tumors

. 2016 Nov ; 94 (11) : 1199-1215. [epub] 20160916

Serum metallothioneins in childhood tumours-a potential prognostic marker

. 2013 Jun 06 ; 14 (6) : 12170-85. [epub] 20130606

Changes in metallothionein level in rat hepatic tissue after administration of natural mouldy wheat

. 2009 Mar ; 10 (3) : 1138-60. [epub] 20090312

Study of Interactions between Metallothionein and Cisplatin by using Differential Pulse Voltammetry Brdickás reaction and Quartz Crystal Microbalance

. 2009 ; 9 (3) : 1355-69. [epub] 20090226

Utilization of Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

. 2008 Oct 01 ; 8 (10) : 6125-6131. [epub] 20081001

A Determination of Metallothionein in Larvae of Freshwater Midges (Chironomus riparius) Using Brdicka Reaction

. 2008 Jul 10 ; 8 (7) : 4081-4094. [epub] 20080710

Najít záznam

Citační ukazatele

Nahrávání dat ...

Možnosti archivace

Nahrávání dat ...