Short-term patient and graft outcomes continue to improve after kidney and liver transplantation, with 1-year survival rates over 80%; however, improving longer-term outcomes remains a challenge. Improving the function of grafts and health of recipients would not only enhance quality and length of life, but would also reduce the need for retransplantation, and thus increase the number of organs available for transplant. The clinical transplant community needs to identify and manage those patient modifiable factors, to decrease the risk of graft failure, and improve longer-term outcomes.COMMIT was formed in 2015 and is composed of 20 leading kidney and liver transplant specialists from 9 countries across Europe. The group's remit is to provide expert guidance for the long-term management of kidney and liver transplant patients, with the aim of improving outcomes by minimizing modifiable risks associated with poor graft and patient survival posttransplant.The objective of this supplement is to provide specific, practical recommendations, through the discussion of current evidence and best practice, for the management of modifiable risks in those kidney and liver transplant patients who have survived the first postoperative year. In addition, the provision of a checklist increases the clinical utility and accessibility of these recommendations, by offering a systematic and efficient way to implement screening and monitoring of modifiable risks in the clinical setting.

Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham United Kingdom 2 Department of General and Visceral Surgery Frankfurt University Hospital and Clinics Germany 3 Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation University Hospitals Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg Belgium 4 Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology Padova University Hospital Padova Italy 5 Renal Transplantation Unit Department of Surgical Science Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore Rome Italy 6 Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Institute of Nursing Science University of Basel Switzerland 7 Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research KU Leuven Belgium 8 Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit Henri Mondor Hospital Prague Czech Republic 20 Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery University of Rome Tor Vergata Italy 21 Department of Hospital Pharmacy and Internal Medicine Erasmus MC the Netherlands

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