Selenium is an essential trace element important for many physiological processes, especially for the functions of immune and reproductive systems, metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as antioxidant defense. Selenium deficiency is usually manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, metritis, mastitis, aborts, lowering fertility and increased susceptibility to infections. In calves, lambs and kids, the selenium deficiency demonstrates by WMD (white muscle disease), in foals and donkey foals, it is associated with incidence of WMD and yellow fat disease, and in pigs it causes VESD (vitamin E/selenium deficiency) syndrome. The prevention of these health disorders can be achieved by an adequate selenium supplementation to the diet. The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration. The databases employed were as follows: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar.

Central Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho 1946 1 612 42 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses Faculty of Pharmacy Wroclaw Medical University Borowska 211 50 556 Wroclaw Poland

Department of Physics University of the Free State P Bag X13 Phuthaditjhaba 9866 South Africa

Department of Viticulture and Enology Faculty of Horticulture Mendel University in Brno Valtická 337 CZ 691 44 Lednice Czech Republic

School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Robert Gordon University Garthdee Road Aberdeen AB107GJ UK

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