BACKGROUND: Humoral immunocompetence develops stepwise throughout life and contributes to individual susceptibility to infection, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and neoplasia. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) isotype serum levels can partly explain such age-related differences, but their relationship with the IgH isotype distribution within memory B-cell (MBC) and plasma cell (PCs) compartments remains to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: We studied the age-related distribution of MBCs and PCs expressing different IgH isotypes in addition to the immature/transitional and naive B-cell compartments. METHODS: B-cell and PC subsets and plasma IgH isotype levels were studied in cord blood (n = 19) and peripheral blood (n = 215) from healthy donors aged 0 to 90 years by using flow cytometry and nephelometry, respectively. RESULTS: IgH-switched MBCs expressing IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2 were already detected in cord blood and newborns at very low counts, whereas CD27+IgM++IgD+ MBCs only became detectable at 1 to 5 months and remained stable until 2 to 4 years, and IgD MBCs peaked at 2 to 4 years, with both populations decreasing thereafter. MBCs expressing IgH isotypes of the second immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (IGHC) gene block (IgG1, IgG3, and IgA1) peaked later during childhood (2-4 years), whereas MBCs expressing third IGHC gene block immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG2, IgG4, and IgA2) reached maximum values during adulthood. PCs were already detected in newborns, increasing in number until 6 to 11 months for IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2; until 2 to 4 years for IgD; and until 5 to 9 years for IgG4 and decreasing thereafter. For most IgH isotypes (except IgD and IgG4), maximum plasma levels were reached after PC and MBC counts peaked. CONCLUSIONS: PC counts reach maximum values early in life, followed by MBC counts and plasma IgH isotypes. Importantly, IgH isotypes from different IGHC gene blocks show different patterns, probably reflecting consecutive cycles of IgH isotype switch recombination through life.

Centro de Salud Miguel Armijo Sanidad de Castilla y León Castilla y León Salamanca Spain

CLIP Department of Haematology Oncology 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Departamento de Inmunología Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain

Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands

Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University and Alfred Hospital Melbourne Australia; Department of Immunology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands

Department of Immunology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands

Department of Medicine Cancer Research Centre Instituto de Salud Carlos 3 Madrid Spain

Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal

Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain

Servicio de Hematología Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain

Servicio de Pediatría Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain

References provided by Crossref.org

B cell subsets reconstitution and immunoglobulin levels in children and adolescents with B non-Hodgkin lymphoma after treatment with single anti CD20 agent dose included in chemotherapeutic protocols: single center experience and review of the literature

Immunosenescence in Childhood Cancer Survivors and in Elderly: A Comparison and Implication for Risk Stratification

EuroFlow Standardized Approach to Diagnostic Immunopheneotyping of Severe PID in Newborns and Young Children

Dissection of the Pre-Germinal Center B-Cell Maturation Pathway in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Based on Standardized Flow Cytometric EuroFlow Tools

EuroFlow-Based Flowcytometric Diagnostic Screening and Classification of Primary Immunodeficiencies of the Lymphoid System

The EuroFlow PID Orientation Tube for Flow Cytometric Diagnostic Screening of Primary Immunodeficiencies of the Lymphoid System