In the last three decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased in incidence and severity in many countries worldwide. The increase in CDI incidence has been particularly apparent among surgical patients. Therefore, prevention of CDI and optimization of management in the surgical patient are paramount. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts from the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) updated its guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients according to the most recent available literature. The update includes recent changes introduced in the management of this infection.

1st Department of Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague and General University Hospital Prague Prague Czech Republic

1st Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital of St Ann Brno Brno Czech Republic

Abdominal Center Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti Helsinki Finland

Clinic of Infectious Diseases St Orsola Malpighi University Hospital Bologna Italy

Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital Ovidius University Constanta Romania

Critical Care Unit Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña A Coruña Spain

Department of Abdominal and General Surgery General Hospital Jesenice Jesenice Slovenia

Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Brescia Italy

Department of Gastroenterology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK

Department of General Surgery Bufalini Hospital Cesena Italy

Department of General Surgery Medway Maritime Hospital Gillingham Kent UK

Department of General Surgery Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel

Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Klinikum Peine Hospital of Medical University Hannover Peine Germany

Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey

Department of Infectious Diseases Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy

Department of Infectious Diseases Jagiellonian University Medical College Kraków Poland

Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Dr José E González Monterrey Mexico

Department of Medicine Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire UK

Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences Omdurman Islamic University Khartoum Sudan

Department of Pharmacy Practice St Louis College of Pharmacy St Louis MO USA

Department of Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK

Department of Surgery Anadolu Medical Center Kocaali Turkey

Department of Surgery College of Medicine and Health Sciences UAE University Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Department of Surgery Division of Acute Care Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand

Department of Surgery Fundación Valle del Lili Hospital Universitario del Valle Universidad del Valle Cali Colombia

Department of Surgery Ilsan Paik Hospital Inje University College of Medicine Goyang Republic of Korea

Department of Surgery Jacobi Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA

Department of Surgery Macerata Hospital Via Santa Lucia 2 62100 Macerata Italy

Department of Surgery Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

Department of Surgery Medical University of Plovdiv Plovdiv Bulgaria

Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA

Department of Surgery Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak India

Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham UK

Department of Surgery St Josef Hospital Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany

Department of Surgery Stanford University Stanford CA USA

Department of Surgery Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Singapore

Department of Surgery Tbilisi State Medical University Kipshidze Central University Hospital Tbilisi Georgia

Department of Surgery Tianjin Nankai Hospital Nankai Clinical School of Medicine Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China

Department of Surgery Universidad Nacional de Asuncion Asuncion Paraguay

Department of Surgery University Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

Department of Surgery University of Colorado Denver Health Medical Center Denver CO USA

Department of Surgery University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Department of Surgery University of Santiago de Compostela A Coruña Spain

Department of Surgery VA Boston Health Care System Boston University and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis USA

Department of Surgery West Virginia University Charleston Division Charleston WV USA

Department of Surgical Sciences Cannizzaro Hospital University of Catania Catania Italy

Division of Emergency Surgery Department of Surgery Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA

Division of Trauma Surgery Hospital de Clinicas School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas Campinas Brazil

Emergency Surgery Department Maggiore Parma Hospital Parma Italy

Emergency Surgery Unit San Filippo Neri's Hospital Rome Italy

Faculty of Medicine Transilvania University Infectious Diseases Hospital Brasov Romania

Faculty of Mediine University of Belgrade Clinic for Surgery Nikola Spasic University Clinical Center Zvezdara Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Gastroenterology Department Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

General Surgery Department Magee Womens Hospital UPMC Pittsburgh USA

Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery Porto Portugal

Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit Pontchaillou University Hospital Rennes France

Infectious Diseases Department Trieste University Hospital Trieste Italy

Infectious Diseases Unit Bolzano Central Hospital Bolzano Italy

Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy University of Washington Seattle WA USA

National Institute for Infectious Diseases INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS Rome Italy

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine VA Boston Healthcare System West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine Boston MA USA

Research School of Population Health Australian National University Acton ACT Australia

Riverside University Health System Medical Center and Loma Linda University School of Medicine Moreno Valley CA USA

School of Medical Sciences University Sains Malaysia Kota Bharu Kelantan Malaysia

Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital Genève Switzerland

Surgery Department Hospital Universitario Juiz de Fora Brazil

Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla La Jolla CA USA

Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel

Unit of Endocrine Head and Neck Surgery and Unit of Surgical Infections Support Department of General Surgery Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari Sabadell Spain

University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM USA

Vital Care Inc Meridian MS USA

Zobrazit více v PubMed

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