The Czech Republic occupies the first place in the world in the frequency of renal and other urinary tract tumours, but their aetiology is unknown. To explore whether carcinogenic and nephrotoxic mycotoxins may contribute to kidney diseases in the Czech population, biomarkers of ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) exposure were determined in biological specimens from a cohort of 50 patients with malignant renal tumours. Biomarker analyses in blood and urine samples used validated targeted methods for measuring OTA and CIT plus dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) after enrichment of analytes by specific immunoaffinity clean-up. OTA and CIT plus its metabolite DH-CIT were frequently detected in patient urine samples (OTA 62%; CIT 91%; DH-CIT 100%). The concentration ranges in urine were 1-27.8 ng/L for OTA, 2-87 ng/L for CIT and 2-160 ng/L for DH-CIT. The analyses of blood samples revealed also a frequent co-occurrence of OTA and CIT, in the ranges of 40-870 ng/L serum for OTA and 21-182 ng/L plasma for CIT. This first analysis of biomarkers in blood and urine samples of Czech patients revealed no major differences in comparison with published data for the general healthy Czech and European populations. Nonetheless, a frequent co-occurrence of CIT and OTA biomarkers in patient samples may be of interest with regard to potential interactions with other risk factors for renal disease.

Center for Health Nutrition and Food in Brno National Institute of Public Health Prague Palackeho 3a 612 42 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet 3114 Bangladesh

Department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové Rokitanskeho 62 500 03 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Clinical Biochemistry Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital Sokolska 581 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

INP ENSAT Toulouse Department Bioprocess and Microbial Systems Laboratory Chemical Engineering University of Toulouse 31320 Auzeville Tolosane France

International Agency for Research on Cancer 150 Cours Albert Thomas 69372 Lyon Cedex 08 France

Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors Ardeystrasse 67 44139 Dortmund Germany

Medical School and Teaching Hospital Department of Urology Charles University Sokolska 581 500 05 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

See more in PubMed

Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Jan 5;159(1):18-46 PubMed

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2005 Feb;49(2):118-30 PubMed

Microchem J. 1996 Nov;54(4):472-7 PubMed

Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2008 Mar;59(1):59-65 PubMed

Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016 Mar;219(2):143-65 PubMed

Biomarkers. 2012 Nov;17(7):577-89 PubMed

Mycotoxin Res. 2018 Mar;34(1):59-67 PubMed

Crit Rev Toxicol. 2011 Mar;41(3):187-212 PubMed

Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2005 May;48(5):616-8 PubMed

Toxicol Lett. 2018 Jan 5;282:43-48 PubMed

Toxicol Lett. 2017 Jun 5;275:19-26 PubMed

Food Addit Contam. 2001 Dec;18(12):1088-93 PubMed

Nutr Res Rev. 2012 Jun;25(1):162-79 PubMed

Arch Toxicol. 2013 Jun;87(6):1087-94 PubMed

Mycotoxin Res. 2015 Feb;31(1):9-16 PubMed

Arch Toxicol. 2014 Mar;88(3):837-46 PubMed

Toxins (Basel). 2015 Sep 10;7(9):3608-35 PubMed

Arch Toxicol. 2015 Apr;89(4):573-8 PubMed

J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1995 Apr 7;666(1):85-99 PubMed

Arch Toxicol. 2016 Nov;90(11):2683-2697 PubMed

Arch Toxicol. 2014 May;88(5):1097-107 PubMed

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010 Feb;27(2):212-40 PubMed

Int J Epidemiol. 2000 Dec;29(6):1014-24 PubMed

Chem Res Toxicol. 2018 Nov 19;31(11):1109-1110 PubMed

J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Nov;18(11):2817-23 PubMed

Nat Rev Urol. 2010 May;7(5):245-57 PubMed

Mycotoxin Res. 2009 Dec;25(4):175-86 PubMed

Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2009 Dec;60(4):465-83 PubMed

Toxins (Basel). 2013 Sep 17;5(9):1574-86 PubMed

Hypertension. 2014 May;63(5):934-41 PubMed

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 May;50(6):513-8 PubMed

Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Dec;62:427-31 PubMed

Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Sep 25;14(10):19416-33 PubMed

Food Addit Contam. 2002 Mar;19(3):282-302 PubMed

Environ Int. 2016 Dec;97:254-255 PubMed

Toxicol Sci. 2012 Jun;127(2):315-30 PubMed

Semin Oncol. 2016 Oct;43(5):566-574 PubMed

Mycotoxin Res. 2016 Aug;32(3):163-72 PubMed

Toxins (Basel). 2016 Jul 04;8(7): PubMed

Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Nov;47(11):2847-52 PubMed

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007 Jan;51(1):61-99 PubMed

J Chromatogr A. 1999 Nov 12;862(2):147-59 PubMed

Arch Toxicol. 2000 Nov;74(9):499-510 PubMed

Arch Toxicol. 2016 Nov;90(11):2595-2615 PubMed

Can Urol Assoc J. 2013 Sep-Oct;7(9-10):319-23 PubMed

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 May;50(6):519-29 PubMed