Colicin production in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains represents an important trait with regard to microbial survival and competition in the complex intestinal environment. A novel colicin type, colicin Z (26.3 kDa), was described as a product of an original producer, extraintestinal E. coli B1356 strain, isolated from the anorectal abscess of a 17 years-old man. The 4,007 bp plasmid (pColZ) was completely sequenced and colicin Z activity (cza) and colicin Z immunity (czi) genes were identified. The cza and czi genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode for 237 and 151 amino acid-long proteins, respectively. Colicin Z shows a narrow inhibitory spectrum, being active only against enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shigella strains via CjrC receptor recognition and CjrB- and ExbB-, ExbD-mediated colicin translocation. All tested EIEC and Shigella strains isolated between the years 1958-2010 were sensitive to colicin Z. The lethal effect of colicin Z was found to be directed against cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) resulting in PG degradation, as revealed by experiments with Remazol Brilliant Blue-stained purified peptidoglycans and with MALDI-TOF MS analyses of treated PG. Colicin Z represents a new class of colicins that is structurally and functionally distinct from previously studied colicin types.

Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 Building A5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Kamenice 5 Building A6 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biosciences University of Oslo P O Box 1066 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway

Department of Genetics and Microbiology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 5 128 44 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

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