The prevalence of second primary malignancies (SPMs) in the western world is continually increasing with the risk of a new primary cancer in patients with previously diagnosed carcinoma at about 20%. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to identify SPMs in colorectal cancer patients in a single-institution cohort, describe the most frequent SPMs in colorectal cancer patients, and discover the time period to occurrence of second primary tumors. We identified 1174 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the period 2003-2013, with follow-up till 31.12.2018, and median follow-up of 10.1 years, (median age 63 years, 724 men). A second primary neoplasm was diagnosed in 234 patients (19.9%). Older age patients, those with early-stage disease and those with no relapse have a higher risk of secondary cancer development. The median time from cancer diagnosis to development of CRC was 8.9 years for breast cancer and 3.4 years for prostate cancer. For the most common cancer diagnosis after primary CRC, the median time to development was 0-5.2 years, depending on the type of malignancy. Patients with a diagnosis of breast, prostate, or kidney cancer, or melanoma should be regularly screened for CRC. CRC patients should also be screened for additional CRC as well as cancers of the breast, prostate, kidney, and bladder. The screening of cancer patients for the most frequent malignancies along with systematic patient education in this field should be the standard of surveillance for colorectal cancer patients.

Central European Institute of Technology Brno Czech Republic

Clinical Trial Unit Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

Department of Medical Ethics Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacy Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Radiation Oncology Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Zluty kopec 7 Brno 625 00 Czech Republic

Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic

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