The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has refocused attention to the betacoronaviruses, only eight years after the emergence of another zoonotic betacoronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While the wild source of SARS-CoV-2 may be disputed, for MERS-CoV, dromedaries are considered as source of zoonotic human infections. Testing 100 immune-response genes in 121 dromedaries from United Arab Emirates (UAE) for potential association with present MERS-CoV infection, we identified candidate genes with important functions in the adaptive, MHC-class I (HLA-A-24-like) and II (HLA-DPB1-like), and innate immune response (PTPN4, MAGOHB), and in cilia coating the respiratory tract (DNAH7). Some of these genes previously have been associated with viral replication in SARS-CoV-1/-2 in humans, others have an important role in the movement of bronchial cilia. These results suggest similar host genetic pathways associated with these betacoronaviruses, although further work is required to better understand the MERS-CoV disease dynamics in both dromedaries and humans.

Al Ain City Municipality Al Ain 15258 United Arab Emirates

Center for Virology Medical University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria

College of Medicine Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences Dubai 505055 United Arab Emirates

Department of Animal Genetics University of Veterinary Sciences Brno 61242 Brno Czech Republic

Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna 1210 Vienna Austria

RG Animal Immunogenomics Ceitec Vetuni 61242 Brno Czech Republic

The Sir Martin Evans Building Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Museum Ave Cardiff CF10 3AX UK

Viral Zoonoses Emerging and Vector Borne Infections Group Institute of Virology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna 1210 Vienna Austria

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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Past Infections Are Associated with Two Innate Immune Response Candidate Genes in Dromedaries