Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is a relatively rare malignancy but is the fifth-leading cause of cancer-related death in women, largely reflecting early, prediagnosis dissemination of malignant disease to the peritoneum. At odds with other neoplasms, EOC is virtually insensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, correlating with a tumor microenvironment that exhibits poor infiltration by immune cells and active immunosuppression. Here, we comparatively summarize the humoral and cellular features of primary and metastatic EOC, comparatively analyze their impact on disease outcome, and propose measures to alter them in support of treatment sensitivity and superior patient survival.

Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine New York NY USA

Department of Immunology Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol Prague Czech Republic

Department of Oncology Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Department of Radiation Oncology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA

Division of Gynecological Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Leuven Leuven Belgium

Gynecologic Oncology Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center New York NY USA

Sotio Biotech Prague Czech Republic

UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA

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Tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells determine clinically relevant T cell phenotypes in ovarian cancer

Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for successful immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma

Trial watch: Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy for cancer