This study is focused on the characterization and investigation of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers from the point of view of macro- and nanometer level. The fibers were produced using electrostatic spinning process in air. Two types of fibers were produced since the collector speed (300 rpm and 2000 rpm) differed as the only one processing parameter. Differences in fiber's properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with cross-sections observation utilizing focused ion beam (FIB). The phase composition was determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The crystallinity was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and chemical analysis of fiber's surfaces and bonding states were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Other methods, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), were employed to describe morphology and piezoelectric response of single fiber, respectively. Moreover, the wetting behavior (hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity) was also studied. It was found that collector speed significantly affects fibers alignment and wettability (directionally ordered fibers produced at 2000 rpm almost super-hydrophobic in comparison with disordered fibers spun at 300 rpm with hydrophilic behavior) as properties at macrolevel. However, it was confirmed that these differences at the macrolevel are closely connected and originate from nanolevel attributes. The study of single individual fibers revealed some protrusions on the fiber's surface, and fibers spun at 300 rpm had a core-shell design, while fibers spun at 2000 rpm were hollow.

Central European Institute of Technology Purkyňova 656 123 61200 Brno the Czech Republic

Department of Ceramics and Polymers Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Technická 2896 2 61600 Brno the Czech Republic

Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Ecology Dagestan State University St M Gadjieva 43 a 367015 Makhachkala Russia

Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Technická 2848 8 61600 Brno the Czech Republic

Directorate of Research Development and Innovation Management Technical University of Cluj Napoca Constantin Daicoviciu Street No 15 400020 Cluj Napoca Romania

Institute of Physics of Materials Czech Academy of Sciences Žižkova 22 61662 Brno the Czech Republic

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A Development and Comparison Study of PVDF Membranes Enriched by Metal-Organic Frameworks

Adaptability of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers in Bone Tissue Engineering