Electrospinning as a versatile technique producing nanofibers was employed to study the influence of the processing parameters and chemical and physical parameters of solutions on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers' morphology, crystallinity, phase composition and dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics. PVDF fibrous layers with nano- and micro-sized fiber diameters were prepared by a controlled and reliable electrospinning process. The fibers with diameters from 276 nm to 1392 nm were spun at a voltage of 25 kV-50 kV from the pure PVDF solutions or in the presence of a surfactant-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Although the presence of the CTAB decreased the fibers' diameter and increased the electroactive phase content, the piezoelectric performance of the PVDF material was evidently deteriorated. The maximum piezoelectric activity was achieved in the fibrous PVDF material without the use of the surfactant, when a piezoelectric charge of 33 pC N-1 was measured in the transversal direction on a mean fiber diameter of 649 nm. In this direction, the material showed a higher piezoelectric activity than in the longitudinal direction.

CEITEC BUT Brno University of Technology Purkynova 656 123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Ceramics and Polymers Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of Technology Technicka 2 616 69 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Physics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Technicka 10 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Materials Science Faculty of Chemistry Brno University of Technology Purkynova 112 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

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