Grain dietary fiber content is an important health-promoting trait of bread wheat. A dominant dietary fiber component of wheat is the cell wall polysaccharide arabinoxylan and the goatgrass Aegilops biuncialis has high β-glucan content, which makes it an attractive gene source to develop wheat lines with modified fiber composition. In order to support introgression breeding, this work examined genetic variability in grain β-glucan, pentosan, and protein content in a collection of Ae. biuncialis. A large variation in grain protein and edible fiber content was revealed, reflecting the origin of Ae. biuncialis accessions from different eco-geographical habitats. Association analysis using DArTseq-derived SNPs identified 34 QTLs associated with β-glucan, pentosan, water-extractable pentosan, and protein content. Mapping the markers to draft chromosome assemblies of diploid progenitors of Ae. biuncialis underlined the role of genes on chromosomes 1Mb, 4Mb, and 5Mb in the formation of grain β-glucan content, while other QTLs on chromosome groups 3, 6, and 1 identified genes responsible for total- and water-extractable pentosan content. Functional annotation of the associated marker sequences identified fourteen genes, nine of which were identified in other monocots. The QTLs and genes identified in the present work are attractive targets for chromosome-mediated gene transfer to improve the health-promoting properties of wheat-derived foods.

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' Via G Amendola 165 A 70126 Bari Italy

Department of Biological Resources Centre for Agricultural Research Eötvös Loránd Research Network Brunszvik u 2 2462 Martonvásár Hungary

Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre 9 Gamma street Giza Cairo 12619 Egypt

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Šlechtitelů 31 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

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A linkage map of Aegilops biuncialis reveals significant genomic rearrangements compared to bread wheat

Chromosome genomics facilitates the marker development and selection of wheat-Aegilops biuncialis addition, substitution and translocation lines

Flow karyotyping of wheat-Aegilops additions facilitate dissecting the genomes of Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata into individual chromosomes