Cereal grain fiber is an important health-promoting component in the human diet. One option to improve dietary fiber content and composition in wheat is to introduce genes from its wild relatives Aegilops biuncialis and Aegilops geniculata. This study showed that the addition of chromosomes 2Ug, 4Ug, 5Ug, 7Ug, 2Mg, 5Mg, and 7Mg of Ae. geniculata and 3Ub, 2Mb, 3Mb, and 7Mb of Ae. biuncialis into bread wheat increased the seed protein content. Chromosomes 1Ug and 1Mg increased the proportion of polymeric glutenin proteins, while the addition of chromosomes 1Ub and 6Ub led to its decrease. Both Aegilops species had higher proportions of β-glucan compared to arabinoxylan (AX) than wheat lines, and elevated β-glucan content was also observed in wheat chromosome addition lines 5U, 7U, and 7M. The AX content in wheat was increased by the addition of chromosomes 5Ug, 7Ug, and 1Ub while water-soluble AX was increased by the addition of chromosomes 5U, 5M, and 7M, and to a lesser extent by chromosomes 3, 4, 6Ug, and 2Mb. Chromosomes 5Ug and 7Mb also affected the structure of wheat AX, as shown by the pattern of oligosaccharides released by digestion with endoxylanase. These results will help to map genomic regions responsible for edible fiber content in Aegilops and will contribute to the efficient transfer of wild alleles in introgression breeding programs to obtain wheat varieties with improved health benefits. Key Message: Addition of Aegilops U- and M-genome chromosomes 5 and 7 improves seed protein and fiber content and composition in wheat.

Agricultural Institute Centre for Agricultural Research Hungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásár Hungary

Department of Plant Science Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden United Kingdom

Institute of Experimental Botany Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc Czechia

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A linkage map of Aegilops biuncialis reveals significant genomic rearrangements compared to bread wheat

DArTseq genotyping facilitates identification of Aegilops biuncialis chromatin introgressed into bread wheat Mv9kr1

Chromosome genomics facilitates the marker development and selection of wheat-Aegilops biuncialis addition, substitution and translocation lines

Comparative genomic analysis of 5Mg chromosome of Aegilops geniculata and 5Uu chromosome of Aegilops umbellulata reveal genic diversity in the tertiary gene pool

Flow karyotyping of wheat-Aegilops additions facilitate dissecting the genomes of Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata into individual chromosomes

Identification of New QTLs for Dietary Fiber Content in Aegilops biuncialis

Addition of Aegilops biuncialis chromosomes 2M or 3M improves the salt tolerance of wheat in different way

1RS arm of Secale cereanum 'Kriszta' confers resistance to stripe rust, improved yield components and high arabinoxylan content in wheat

Identification of COS markers specific for Thinopyrum elongatum chromosomes preliminary revealed high level of macrosyntenic relationship between the wheat and Th. elongatum genomes