Breast cancer is diagnosed through a patient's Breast Self-Examination (BSE), Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), or para-clinical methods. False negativity of PCM in breast cancer diagnostics leads to a persisting problem associated with breast tumors diagnosed only in advanced stages. As the tumor volume/size at which it becomes invasive is not clear, BSE and CBE play an exceedingly important role in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The quality and effectiveness of BSE and CBE depend on several factors, among which breast stiffness is the most important one. In this study, the authors present four methods for evaluating breast stiffness pathology during mammography examination based on the outputs obtained during the breast compression process, id est, without exposing the patient to X-Ray radiation. Based on the subjective assessment of breast stiffness by experienced medical examiners, a novel breast stiffness classification was designed, and the best method of its objective measurement was calibrated to fit the scale. Hence, this study provides an objective tool for the identification of patients who, being unable to perform valid BSE, could benefit from an increased frequency of mammography screening. Dum vivimus servimus.

Department of Applied Mechanics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering VŠB Technical University of Ostrava Czechia

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Czechia; Department of Surgery University Hospital Ostrava Czechia; Department of Surgical Studies Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Czechia

Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Giresun University Turkey

Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacký University Olomouc Czechia

Department of Surgery University Hospital Ostrava Czechia; Department of Surgical Studies Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Czechia

Department of Surgery University Hospital Ostrava Czechia; Department of Surgical Studies Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Czechia; Department of Health Care Sciences Faculty of Humanities Tomas Bata University in Zlin Czechia

Division of Endocrine Surgery Faculty of Medicine Giresun University Turkey; Department of General Surgery Faculty of Medicine Giresun University Turkey

Universidade Federal de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das Clínicas Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia Disciplina de Ginecologia São Paulo Brasil

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