Sexual reproduction in angiosperms requires the production and delivery of two male gametes by a three-celled haploid male gametophyte. This demands synchronized gene expression in a short developmental window to ensure double fertilization and seed set. While transcriptomic changes in developing pollen are known for Arabidopsis, no studies have integrated RNA and proteomic data in this model. Further, the role of alternative splicing has not been fully addressed, yet post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation may have a key role in gene expression dynamics during microgametogenesis. We have refined and substantially updated global transcriptomic and proteomic changes in developing pollen for two Arabidopsis accessions. Despite the superiority of RNA-seq over microarray-based platforms, we demonstrate high reproducibility and comparability. We identify thousands of long non-coding RNAs as potential regulators of pollen development, hundreds of changes in alternative splicing and provide insight into mRNA translation rate and storage in developing pollen. Our analysis delivers an integrated perspective of gene expression dynamics in developing Arabidopsis pollen and a foundation for studying the role of alternative splicing in this model.

Department of Experimental Plant Biology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 5 Praha 2 128 00 Czech Republic

Department of Genetics and Genome Biology University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH UK

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Rozvojová 263 165 02 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av da República 2780 157 Oeiras Portugal

Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência Rua da Quinta Grande 6 2780 156 Oeiras Portugal

KWS SAAT SE and Co KGaA Grimsehlstraße 31 37574 Einbeck Germany

Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

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Plant Reprod. 2023 Sep;36(3):285-286. doi: 10.1007/s00497-023-00471-w. PubMed

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