Mitochondrial dysregulation plays a significant role in the carcinogenesis. On the other hand, its destabilization strongly represses the viability and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Photodynamic and photothermal therapies (PDT and PTT) target mitochondria effectively, providing innovative and non-invasive anticancer therapeutic modalities. Cyanine dyes, with strong mitochondrial selectivity, show significant potential in enhancing PDT and PTT. The potential and limitations of cyanine dyes for mitochondrial PDT and PTT are discussed, along with their applications in combination therapies, theranostic techniques, and optimal delivery systems. Additionally, novel approaches for sonodynamic therapy using photoactive cyanine dyes are presented, highlighting advances in cancer treatment.

1st Department of Surgery Department of Abdominal Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague U Nemocnice 2 121 08 Prague Czech Republic

BIOCEV 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 252 50 Vestec Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Ke Karlovu 455 120 00 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Pathological Physiology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Kamenice 5 CZ 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Zhang, X. et al. Advances in liposomes loaded with photoresponse materials for cancer therapy. PubMed DOI

Yang, J. K., Kwon, H. & Kim, S. Recent advances in light-triggered cancer immunotherapy. PubMed DOI

Piyarathna, D. W. B. et al. ERR1 and PGC1α associated mitochondrial alterations correlate with pan-cancer disparity in African Americans. PubMed DOI PMC

Batheja, S., Gupta, S., Tejavath, K. K. & Gupta, U. TPP-based conjugates: potential targeting ligands. PubMed DOI

Palominos, C. et al. Mitochondrial bioenergetics as a cell fate rheostat for responsive to Bcl-2 drugs: New cues for cancer chemotherapy. PubMed DOI

Qiu, Y. et al. Recent progress on near-infrared fluorescence heptamethine cyanine dye-based molecules and nanoparticles for tumor imaging and treatment. PubMed DOI

Bilici, K., Cetin, S., Celikbas, E., Yagci Acar, H. & Kolemen, S. Recent Advances in Cyanine-Based Phototherapy Agents. PubMed PMC

Nödling, A. R. et al. Cyanine dye mediated mitochondrial targeting enhances the anti-cancer activity of small-molecule cargoes. PubMed DOI

Usama, S. M. & Burgess, K. Hows and Whys of Tumor-Seeking Dyes. PubMed DOI

Kadkhoda, J., Tarighatnia, A., Nader, N. D. & Aghanejad, A. Targeting mitochondria in cancer therapy: Insight into photodynamic and photothermal therapies. PubMed DOI

Zeng, S. et al. Activation of pyroptosis by specific organelle-targeting photodynamic therapy to amplify immunogenic cell death for anti-tumor immunotherapy. PubMed PMC

Guo, Z. et al. Cationic Spherical Polypeptides with Immunogenic Cell Death Inducing Activity for Oncolytic Immunotherapy.

Wang, S.-Z. et al. Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic and Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Realizing Enhanced Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death via Mitochondrial Stress. DOI

Chen, S., Liao, Z. & Xu, P. Mitochondrial control of innate immune responses. PubMed PMC

Al Amir Dache, Z. & Thierry, A. R. Mitochondria-derived cell-to-cell communication. PubMed DOI

Wang, F., Zhang, D., Zhang, D., Li, P. & Gao, Y. Mitochondrial Protein Translation: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Disease. PubMed DOI PMC

Bogenhagen, D. & Clayton, D. A. The Number of Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genomes in Mouse L and Human HeLa Cells: QUANTITATIVE ISOLATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. PubMed DOI

Sadakierska-Chudy, A., Frankowska, M. & Filip, M. Mitoepigenetics and drug addiction. PubMed DOI

Fiorillo, M., Ózsvári, B., Sotgia, F. & Lisanti, M. P. High ATP Production Fuels Cancer Drug Resistance and Metastasis: Implications for Mitochondrial ATP Depletion Therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Giaquinto, A. N. et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. PubMed

Adlimoghaddam, A. & Albensi, B. C. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is involved in ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. PubMed DOI

Choi, E. et al. Risk model–based lung cancer screening and racial and ethnic disparities in the US. PubMed DOI PMC

Lawson, A. B. et al. Deprivation and segregation in ovarian cancer survival among African American women: A mediation analysis. PubMed DOI PMC

Williams, O. et al. Community Health workers United to Reduce Colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease among people at Higher risk (CHURCH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PubMed DOI PMC

Institute, N. C.

Giaquinto, A. N. et al. Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022. PubMed

Piyarathna, D. W. B. et al. ERR1-and PGC1α-associated mitochondrial alterations correlate with pan-cancer disparity in African Americans. PubMed DOI PMC

Zou, Z., Chang, H., Li, H. & Wang, S. Induction of reactive oxygen species: an emerging approach for cancer therapy. PubMed DOI

Passaniti, A., Kim, M. S., Polster, B. M. & Shapiro, P. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism for metastatic cancer therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Gorrini, C., Harris, I. S. & Mak, T. W. Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy. PubMed DOI

Cheung, E. C. & Vousden, K. H. The role of ROS in tumour development and progression. PubMed DOI

Szatrowski, T. P. & Nathan, C. F. Production of large amounts of hydrogen peroxide by human tumor cells. PubMed

Cocetta, V., Ragazzi, E. & Montopoli, M. Mitochondrial Involvement in Cisplatin Resistance. PubMed PMC

Yang, H. et al. The role of cellular reactive oxygen species in cancer chemotherapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Jia, D., Park, J. H., Jung, K. H., Levine, H. & Kaipparettu, B. A. Elucidating the Metabolic Plasticity of Cancer: Mitochondrial Reprogramming and Hybrid Metabolic States. PubMed PMC

Ghosh, P., Vidal, C., Dey, S. & Zhang, L. Mitochondria Targeting as an Effective Strategy for Cancer Therapy. PubMed PMC

Denisenko, T. V., Gorbunova, A. S. & Zhivotovsky, B. Mitochondrial Involvement in Migration, Invasion and Metastasis. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang, R. & Rincon, M. Mitochondrial Stat3, the Need for Design Thinking. PubMed DOI PMC

Mauro, C. et al. NF-κB controls energy homeostasis and metabolic adaptation by upregulating mitochondrial respiration. PubMed DOI PMC

Domínguez-Zorita, S. & Cuezva, J. M. The Mitochondrial ATP Synthase/IF1 Axis in Cancer Progression: Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. PubMed PMC

Caino, M. C. & Altieri, D. C. Molecular Pathways: Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Tumor Progression and Therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Viale, A., Corti, D. & Draetta, G. F. Tumors and mitochondrial respiration: a neglected connection. PubMed DOI

Okon, I. S. & Zou, M. H. Mitochondrial ROS and cancer drug resistance: Implications for therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

de Sá Junior, P. L. et al. The Roles of ROS in Cancer Heterogeneity and Therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Che, M., Wang, R., Li, X., Wang, H. Y. & Zheng, X. F. S. Expanding roles of superoxide dismutases in cell regulation and cancer. PubMed DOI PMC

Bansal, A. & Simon, M. C. Glutathione metabolism in cancer progression and treatment resistance. PubMed DOI PMC

Gandin, V. & Fernandes, A. P. Metal- and Semimetal-Containing Inhibitors of Thioredoxin Reductase as Anticancer Agents. PubMed DOI PMC

Piskounova, E. et al. Oxidative stress inhibits distant metastasis by human melanoma cells. PubMed DOI PMC

Ingle, J. & Basu, S. Mitochondria Targeted AIE Probes for Cancer Phototherapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Shen, Z. et al. Strategies to improve photodynamic therapy efficacy by relieving the tumor hypoxia environment. DOI

Correia, J. H., Rodrigues, J. A., Pimenta, S., Dong, T. & Yang, Z. Photodynamic Therapy Review: Principles, Photosensitizers, Applications, and Future Directions. PubMed PMC

Liao, S. et al. Improvement of Gold Nanorods in Photothermal Therapy: Recent Progress and Perspective. PubMed PMC

Zhang, A. et al. Simultaneous luminescence in I, II and III biological windows (2021)realized by using the energy transfer of Yb3+→Er3+/Ho3+→Cr3+. DOI

Ma, J. & Jiang, L. Photogeneration of singlet oxygen (1O2) and free radicals (Sen*-, O2*-) by tetra-brominated hypocrellin B derivative. PubMed DOI

Bilski, P., Motten, A. G., Bilska, M. & Chignell, C. F. The photooxidation of diethylhydroxylamine by rose bengal in micellar and nonmicellar aqueous solutions. PubMed DOI

Castano, A. P., Demidova, T. N. & Hamblin, M. R. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part one-photosensitizers, photochemistry and cellular localization. PubMed DOI PMC

Kwiatkowski, S. et al. Photodynamic therapy – mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations. PubMed DOI

Calixto, G. M., Bernegossi, J., de Freitas, L. M., Fontana, C. R. & Chorilli, M. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: A Review. PubMed DOI PMC

Ancély Ferreira dos, S. et al. Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review.

Slimen, I. B. et al. Reactive oxygen species, heat stress and oxidative-induced mitochondrial damage. A review. PubMed DOI

Mujahid, A. et al. Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Chicken Skeletal Muscle Induced by Acute Heat Stress. DOI

Yi, M. et al. Manipulate tumor hypoxia for improved photodynamic therapy using nanomaterials. PubMed DOI

Zhuang, J. et al. Efficient NIR-II Type-I AIE Photosensitizer for Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy through Synergistic Apoptosis-Ferroptosis. PubMed DOI

Scholz, M., Petusseau, A. F., Gunn, J. R., Shane Chapman, M. & Pogue, B. W. Imaging of hypoxia, oxygen consumption and recovery in vivo during ALA-photodynamic therapy using delayed fluorescence of Protoporphyrin IX. PubMed DOI PMC

Bříza, T. et al. Pentamethinium fluorescent probes: The impact of molecular structure on photophysical properties and subcellular localization. DOI

Kejík, Z. et al. Combination of quinoxaline with pentamethinium system: Mitochondrial staining and targeting. PubMed DOI

Rimpelová, S. et al. Rational Design of Chemical Ligands for Selective Mitochondrial Targeting. PubMed DOI

Krejcir, R. et al. Anticancer pentamethinium salt is a potent photosensitizer inducing mitochondrial disintegration and apoptosis upon red light illumination. PubMed DOI

Wang, R., Li, X. & Yoon, J. Organelle-Targeted Photosensitizers for Precision Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI

Kessel, D. & Evans, C. L. Promotion of Proapoptotic Signals by Lysosomal Photodamage: Mechanistic Aspects and Influence of Autophagy. PubMed DOI PMC

Kessel, D. Photodynamic therapy: Promotion of efficacy by a sequential protocol. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhou, X. et al. An APN-activated NIR photosensitizer for cancer photodynamic therapy and fluorescence imaging. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang, Y. et al. Hemicyanine-Based Type I Photosensitizers for Antihypoxic Activatable Photodynamic Therapy. DOI

Wangngae, S. et al. Effect of morpholine and charge distribution of cyanine dyes on cell internalization and cytotoxicity. PubMed DOI PMC

Hu, Y. B., Dammer, E. B., Ren, R. J. & Wang, G. The endosomal-lysosomal system: from acidification and cargo sorting to neurodegeneration. PubMed DOI PMC

Shi, C. et al. Reversing Multidrug Resistance by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction for Enhanced Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy in Tumor. PubMed DOI

Habash, R. W., Bansal, R., Krewski, D. & Alhafid, H. T. Thermal therapy, part 1: an introduction to thermal therapy. PubMed DOI

Yun, C. W., Kim, H. J., Lim, J. H. & Lee, S. H. Heat shock proteins: agents of cancer development and therapeutic targets in anti-cancer therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Streicher, J. M. The role of heat shock proteins in regulating receptor signal transduction. PubMed DOI

Hu, C. et al. Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities. PubMed DOI PMC

Ali, M. R., Ali, H. R., Rankin, C. R. & El-Sayed, M. A. Targeting heat shock protein 70 using gold nanorods enhances cancer cell apoptosis in low dose plasmonic photothermal therapy. PubMed DOI

Chen, W.-H. et al. Overcoming the Heat Endurance of Tumor Cells by Interfering with the Anaerobic Glycolysis Metabolism for Improved Photothermal Therapy. PubMed DOI

Tang, X. et al. Gold nanorods together with HSP inhibitor-VER-155008 micelles for colon cancer mild-temperature photothermal therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Liu, D. et al. Polydopamine-encapsulated Fe3O4 with an adsorbed HSP70 inhibitor for improved photothermal inactivation of bacteria. PubMed DOI

Wang, Z. et al. Laser‐triggered small interfering RNA releasing gold nanoshells against heat shock protein for sensitized photothermal therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Liu, H. J., Wang, M., Hu, X., Shi, S. & Xu, P. Enhanced photothermal therapy through the in situ activation of a temperature and redox dual‐sensitive nanoreservoir of triptolide. PubMed DOI PMC

Sun, T. et al. Enhanced efficacy of photothermal therapy by combining a semiconducting polymer with an inhibitor of a heat shock protein. DOI

Liu, D. et al. Thermoresponsive nanogel‐encapsulated PEDOT and HSP70 inhibitor for improving the depth of the photothermal therapeutic effect. DOI

Wang, Y. et al. Cancer Cell-Mimicking Prussian Blue Nanoplatform for Synergistic Mild Photothermal/Chemotherapy via Heat Shock Protein Inhibition. PubMed

Zhong, Y. et al. pH-responsive Ag2S nanodots loaded with heat shock protein 70 inhibitor for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal cancer therapy. PubMed DOI

Iwata, K. et al. Tumour pO2 can be increased markedly by mild hyperthermia. PubMed PMC

Vaupel, P. W. & Kelleher, D. K. Pathophysiological and vascular characteristics of tumours and their importance for hyperthermia: heterogeneity is the key issue. PubMed DOI

Sen, A. et al. Mild elevation of body temperature reduces tumor interstitial fluid pressure and hypoxia and enhances efficacy of radiotherapy in murine tumor models. PubMed DOI PMC

Yonezawa, M. et al. Hyperthermia induces apoptosis in malignant fibrous histiocytoma cells in vitro. PubMed DOI

Piret, E. M. et al. Side effects and acceptability measures for thermal ablation as a treatment for cervical precancer in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. PubMed PMC

Overchuk, M., Weersink, R. A., Wilson, B. C. & Zheng, G. Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies: Synergy Opportunities for Nanomedicine. PubMed DOI PMC

Lange, N., Szlasa, W., Saczko, J. & Chwiłkowska, A. Potential of Cyanine Derived Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed PMC

Yang, J., Griffin, A., Qiang, Z. & Ren, J. Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology. PubMed DOI PMC

Isidoro, A. et al. Breast carcinomas fulfill the Warburg hypothesis and provide metabolic markers of cancer prognosis. PubMed DOI

Mishra, A., Behera, R. K., Behera, P. K., Mishra, B. K. & Behera, G. B. Cyanines during the 1990s:  A Review. PubMed DOI

Shi, C., Wu, J. B. & Pan, D. Review on near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dyes as theranostic agents for tumor imaging, targeting, and photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Kejík, Z. et al. New method for recognition of sterol signalling molecules: methinium salts as receptors for sulphated steroids. PubMed DOI

Bříza, T. et al. Optical sensing of sulfate by polymethinium salt receptors: colorimetric sensor for heparin. PubMed

Briza, T. et al. Dimethinium Heteroaromatic Salts as Building Blocks for Dual-Fluorescence Intracellular Probes. DOI

Cooper, E. et al. The Use of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes as Drug-Conjugate Systems in the Treatment of Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors. PubMed DOI PMC

Bříza, T. et al. Pentamethinium salts as ligands for cancer: Sulfated polysaccharide co-receptors as possible therapeutic target. PubMed DOI

Talianová, V. et al. New-Generation Heterocyclic Bis-Pentamethinium Salts as Potential Cytostatic Drugs with Dual IL-6R and Mitochondria-Targeting Activity. PubMed PMC

Bříza, T. et al. Striking antitumor activity of a methinium system with incorporated quinoxaline unit obtained by spontaneous cyclization. PubMed DOI

Ran, S., Downes, A. & Thorpe, P. E. Increased exposure of anionic phospholipids on the surface of tumor blood vessels. PubMed

Dereje, D. M., Pontremoli, C., Moran Plata, M. J., Visentin, S. & Barbero, N. Polymethine dyes for PDT: recent advances and perspectives to drive future applications. PubMed DOI

Chance, B. Near-infrared images using continuous, phase-modulated, and pulsed light with quantitation of blood and blood oxygenation. PubMed DOI

Mahmut, Z. et al. Medical Applications and Advancement of Near Infrared Photosensitive Indocyanine Green Molecules. PubMed PMC

Štacková, L. et al. Deciphering the Structure–Property Relations in Substituted Heptamethine Cyanines. PubMed DOI

Niu, S. et al. Effect of indocyanine green near-infrared light imaging technique guided lymph node dissection on short-term clinical efficacy of minimally invasive radical gastric cancer surgery: a meta-analysis. PubMed DOI PMC

Quan, B., Choi, K., Kim, Y. H., Kang, K. W. & Chung, D. S. Near infrared dye indocyanine green doped silica nanoparticles for biological imaging. PubMed DOI

Alves, A. C., Ribeiro, D., Nunes, C. & Reis, S. Biophysics in cancer: The relevance of drug-membrane interaction studies. PubMed DOI

Cottet-Rousselle, C., Ronot, X., Leverve, X. & Mayol, J.-F. Cytometric assessment of mitochondria using fluorescent probes. PubMed DOI

Perry, S. W., Norman, J. P., Barbieri, J., Brown, E. B. & Gelbard, H. A. Mitochondrial membrane potential probes and the proton gradient: a practical usage guide. PubMed DOI PMC

Begum, H. M. & Shen, K. Intracellular and microenvironmental regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. PubMed DOI PMC

Heerdt, B. G., Houston, M. A. & Augenlicht, L. H. The Intrinsic Mitochondrial Membrane Potential of Colonic Carcinoma Cells Is Linked to the Probability of Tumor Progression. PubMed DOI

Heerdt, B. G., Houston, M. A. & Augenlicht, L. H. Growth Properties of Colonic Tumor Cells Are a Function of the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. PubMed DOI

Garcia Fernandez, M. I., Ceccarelli, D. & Muscatello, U. Use of the fluorescent dye 10-N-nonyl acridine orange in quantitative and location assays of cardiolipin: a study on different experimental models. PubMed DOI

Jacobson, J., Duchen, M. R. & Heales, S. J. Intracellular distribution of the fluorescent dye nonyl acridine orange responds to the mitochondrial membrane potential: implications for assays of cardiolipin and mitochondrial mass. PubMed DOI

Tang, Q. et al. Dynamin-related protein 1-mediated mitochondrial fission contributes to IR-783-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. PubMed DOI PMC

Borrelli, M. J., Rausch, C. M., Seaner, R. & Iliakis, G. Sensitization to hyperthermia by 3,3’-dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide: a positive correlation with DNA damage and negative correlations with altered cell morphology, oxygen consumption inhibition, and reduced ATP levels. PubMed DOI

Shinohara, Y., Nagamune, H. & Terada, H. The hydrophobic cationic cyanine dye inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting ADP transport, not by electrophoretic transfer, into mitochondria. PubMed DOI

Fialova, J. L. et al. Pentamethinium salts suppress key metastatic processes by regulating mitochondrial function and inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase respiration. PubMed DOI

Liu, H.-W. et al. A mitochondrial-targeted prodrug for NIR imaging guided and synergetic NIR photodynamic-chemo cancer therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Thankarajan, E. et al. A novel, dual action chimera comprising DNA methylating agent and near-IR xanthene-cyanine photosensitizer for combined anticancer therapy. PubMed DOI

Yue, X. F. et al. The near-infrared dye IR-61 restores erectile function in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model via mitochondrial protection. PubMed DOI PMC

Wang, J. et al. IR-61 Improves Voiding Function via Mitochondrial Protection in Diabetic Rats. PubMed PMC

Rojo de la Vega, M., Chapman, E. & Zhang, D. D. NRF2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. PubMed DOI PMC

Esteras, N. & Abramov, A. Y. Nrf2 as a regulator of mitochondrial function: Energy metabolism and beyond. PubMed DOI

Buttari, B., Arese, M., Oberley-Deegan, R. E., Saso, L. & Chatterjee, A. NRF2: A crucial regulator for mitochondrial metabolic shift and prostate cancer progression. PubMed PMC

Shan, Z., Fa, W. H., Tian, C. R., Yuan, C. S. & Jie, N. Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhu, Y.-X. et al. Mitochondria-acting nanomicelles for destruction of cancer cells via excessive mitophagy/autophagy-driven lethal energy depletion and phototherapy. PubMed DOI

Kurokawa, H. et al. High resolution imaging of intracellular oxygen concentration by phosphorescence lifetime. PubMed DOI PMC

Rubio, N., Fleury, S. P. & Redmond, R. W. Spatial and temporal dynamics of in vitro photodynamic cell killing: extracellular hydrogen peroxide mediates neighbouring cell death. PubMed DOI

Li, Y. H. et al. Mitochondrion, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum: Which is the best target for phototherapy? PubMed DOI

MacDonald, I. J. et al. Subcellular localization patterns and their relationship to photodynamic activity of pyropheophorbide-a derivatives. PubMed

Walker, I. et al. A comparative analysis of phenothiazinium salts for the photosensitisation of murine fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) cells in vitro. PubMed DOI

Baldea, I. et al. Efficiency of photodynamic therapy on WM35 melanoma with synthetic porphyrins: Role of chemical structure, intracellular targeting and antioxidant defense. PubMed DOI

Zhao, H., Xing, D. & Chen, Q. New insights of mitochondria reactive oxygen species generation and cell apoptosis induced by low dose photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Cen, Y. et al. Drug induced mitochondria dysfunction to enhance photodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumors. PubMed DOI

Theodossiou, T. A., Papakyriakou, A. & Hothersall, J. S. Molecular modeling and experimental evidence for hypericin as a substrate for mitochondrial complex III; mitochondrial photodamage as demonstrated using specific inhibitors. PubMed DOI

Lin, F., Bao, Y. W. & Wu, F. G. Improving the Phototherapeutic Efficiencies of Molecular and Nanoscale Materials by Targeting Mitochondria. PubMed PMC

Csordás, G. et al. Structural and functional features and significance of the physical linkage between ER and mitochondria. PubMed DOI PMC

Jiang, H., Fu, H., Guo, Y., Hu, P. & Shi, J. Evoking tumor associated macrophages by mitochondria-targeted magnetothermal immunogenic cell death for cancer immunotherapy. PubMed DOI

Chou, W. et al. Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Anti-Tumor Immunity: Influence Factors and Synergistic Enhancement Strategies. PubMed PMC

Nakahira, K. et al. Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. PubMed DOI PMC

Shimada, K. et al. Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Apoptosis. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhou, R., Tardivel, A., Thorens, B., Choi, I. & Tschopp, J. Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation. PubMed DOI

Yakes, F. M. & Van Houten, B. Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress. PubMed DOI PMC

Hu, P. et al. Near infrared-assisted Fenton reaction for tumor-specific and mitochondrial DNA-targeted photochemotherapy. PubMed DOI

Chen, Y., Wei, X.-R., Sun, R., Xu, Y.-J. & Ge, J.-F. The application of azonia-cyanine dyes for nucleic acids imaging in mitochondria. DOI

Schneider, A. et al. Single organelle analysis to characterize mitochondrial function and crosstalk during viral infection. PubMed DOI PMC

Mahalingam, S. M., Ordaz, J. D. & Low, P. S. Targeting of a Photosensitizer to the Mitochondrion Enhances the Potency of Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Lim, J. B., Huang, B. K., Deen, W. M. & Sikes, H. D. Analysis of the lifetime and spatial localization of hydrogen peroxide generated in the cytosol using a reduced kinetic model. PubMed DOI

Shahzidi, S. et al. Simultaneously targeting mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum by photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis in human lymphoma cells. PubMed DOI

Radchenko, A. S. et al. Photoactivated biscarbocyanine dye with two conjugated chromophores: complexes with albumin, photochemical and phototoxic properties. PubMed DOI

Kessel, D. & Reiners, J. J. Jr. Promotion of Proapoptotic Signals by Lysosomal Photodamage. PubMed DOI PMC

Martins, W. K. et al. Parallel damage in mitochondria and lysosomes is an efficient way to photoinduce cell death. PubMed DOI PMC

Li, J. et al. Activatable Dual ROS-Producing Probe for Dual Organelle-Engaged Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI

Wang, S. et al. A lysosomes and mitochondria dual-targeting AIE-active NIR photosensitizer: Constructing amphiphilic structure for enhanced antitumor activity and two-photon imaging. PubMed DOI PMC

Shui, S., Zhao, Z., Wang, H., Conrad, M. & Liu, G. Non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation initiated by photodynamic therapy drives a distinct ferroptosis-like cell death pathway. PubMed DOI PMC

Pavani, C., Uchoa, A. F., Oliveira, C. S., Iamamoto, Y. & Baptista, M. S. Effect of zinc insertion and hydrophobicity on the membrane interactions and PDT activity of porphyrin photosensitizers. PubMed DOI

Sekkat, N., Bergh, H. V. D., Nyokong, T. & Lange, N. Like a Bolt from the Blue: Phthalocyanines in Biomedical Optics. PubMed DOI PMC

Xu, S. et al. Tuning the singlet-triplet energy gap: a unique approach to efficient photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang, L. et al. Aggregation-induced intersystem crossing: a novel strategy for efficient molecular phosphorescence. PubMed DOI

Ji, C. et al. A Size-Reducible Nanodrug with an Aggregation-Enhanced Photodynamic Effect for Deep Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI

Cakmak, Y. et al. Designing Excited States: Theory-Guided Access to Efficient Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Action. PubMed DOI

Sivandzade, F., Bhalerao, A. & Cucullo, L. Analysis of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Using the Cationic JC-1 Dye as a Sensitive Fluorescent Probe. PubMed PMC

Thomas, A. P., Palanikumar, L., Jeena, M. T., Kim, K. & Ryu, J. H. Cancer-mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy with supramolecular assembly of HA and a water soluble NIR cyanine dye. PubMed DOI PMC

Huang, H. et al. Bromo-pentamethine as mitochondria-targeted photosensitizers for cancer cell apoptosis with high efficiency.

Tian, R. et al. Emerging Design Principle of Near-Infrared Upconversion Sensitizer Based on Mitochondria-Targeted Organic Dye for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI

Noh, I. et al. Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Treatment by Mitochondria-Targeting and Brominated Near-Infrared Fluorophores. PubMed DOI PMC

Shi, M. et al. A protein-conjugated photosensitizer with mitochondrial targeting for enhanced photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Schaberle, F. A., Galembeck, S. E. & Borissevitch, I. E. Computational study of steric and spectroscopic characteristics of bi-chromophoric cyanine dyes: Comparison with experimental data. PubMed DOI

Zhao, X. et al. A cyanine-derivative photosensitizer with enhanced photostability for mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Chinigò, G. et al. Polymethine dyes-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as promising photosensitizers for biomedical applications. PubMed DOI

Lima, E. et al. Photodynamic activity of indolenine-based aminosquaraine cyanine dyes: Synthesis and in vitro photobiological evaluation. DOI

Murakami, L. S. et al. Photocytotoxicity of a cyanine dye with two chromophores toward melanoma and normal cells. PubMed DOI

Likhtenstein, G. I., Ishii, K. & Nakatsuji, S. i. Dual Chromophore-Nitroxides: Novel Molecular Probes, Photochemical and Photophysical Models and Magnetic Materials. PubMed DOI

Medvedeva, N., Martin, V. V., Weis, A. L. & Likhtenshten, G. I. Dual fluorophore-nitronyl probe for investigation of superoxide dynamics and antioxidant status of biological systems. DOI

Cui, X. et al. Stable π-radical nanoparticles as versatile photosensitizers for effective hypoxia-overcoming photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Xu, F. et al. Radical induced quartet photosensitizers with high 1O2 production for in vivo cancer photodynamic therapy. DOI

Chu, Z. et al. Recent advances on modulation of H2O2 in tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer therapeutic efficacy. DOI

Gandioso, A. et al. Ru(II)-Cyanine Complexes as Promising Photodynamic Photosensitizers for the Treatment of Hypoxic Tumours with Highly Penetrating 770nm Near-Infrared Light. PubMed

Chen, Y. et al. A novel approach to a bifunctional photosensitizer for tumor imaging and phototherapy. PubMed DOI

Bříza, T. et al. Combination of two chromophores: Synthesis and PDT application of porphyrin–pentamethinium conjugate. PubMed DOI

Shen, R., Bai, J. & Qian, Y. A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent dye naphthalimide-thioether-cyanine for NIR-actived photodynamic therapy of cancer cell. PubMed

Lendeckel, U., Karimi, F., Al Abdulla, R. & Wolke, C. The Role of the Ectopeptidase APN/CD13 in Cancer. PubMed DOI PMC

Yu, Y. et al. Recent Progress in Type I Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Atac, N. et al. Selective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of chlorinated hemicyanine against gram-positive bacteria. PubMed DOI

Zeng, S. et al. An ER-targeted, Viscosity-sensitive Hemicyanine Dye for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy by Activating Pyroptosis Pathway. PubMed DOI

Hu, F., Xu, S. & Liu, B. Photosensitizers with Aggregation-Induced Emission: Materials and Biomedical Applications. PubMed DOI

Li, S., Jin, X., Zhang, Z., Li, J. & Hua, J. An AIE-active type I photosensitizer based on N,N′-diphenyl-dihydrophenazine for high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia. DOI

Entradas, T., Waldron, S. & Volk, M. The detection sensitivity of commonly used singlet oxygen probes in aqueous environments. PubMed DOI

Cui, C. et al. Enhancing electron transfer of a semiconducting polymer for type I photodynamic and photothermal synergistic therapy. PubMed PMC

Yu, L. et al. Photocatalytic Superoxide Radical Generator that Induces Pyroptosis in Cancer Cells. PubMed DOI

Barreto, J. C., Smith, G. S., Strobel, N. H., McQuillin, P. A. & Miller, T. A. Terephthalic acid: a dosimeter for the detection of hydroxyl radicals in vitro. PubMed DOI

Jiang, T., Zeng, Q. & He, J. Do alkaline phosphatases have great potential in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors? PubMed DOI PMC

Zhao, X. d. Mitochondria-targeted red light-activated superoxide radical-mediated photodynamic therapy of breast cancer. DOI

Hong, Y., Lam, J. W. Y. & Tang, B. Z. Aggregation-induced emission: phenomenon, mechanism and applications. PubMed

Shigemitsu, H. et al. Fluorescein-Based Type I Supramolecular Photosensitizer via Induction of Charge Separation by Self-Assembly. PubMed DOI PMC

Yu, D. et al. Improved detection of reactive oxygen species by DCFH-DA: New insight into self-amplification of fluorescence signal by light irradiation. DOI

Zhang, Z. et al. The fast-growing field of photo-driven theranostics based on aggregation-induced emission. PubMed DOI

Xu, X. et al. Secondary Structure in Overcoming Photosensitizers’ Aggregation: α-Helical Polypeptides for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI

Ma, X. et al. Fluorescence Aggregation-Caused Quenching versus Aggregation-Induced Emission: A Visual Teaching Technology for Undergraduate Chemistry Students. DOI

Ren, Y., Yan, Y. & Qi, H. Photothermal conversion and transfer in photothermal therapy: From macroscale to nanoscale. PubMed DOI

Liu, S. et al. Determination of temperature distribution in tissue for interstitial cancer photothermal therapy. PubMed DOI

Hwang, E. & Jung, H. S. Organelle-targeted photothermal agents for cancer therapy. PubMed DOI

Ahmed, K., Tabuchi, Y. & Kondo, T. Hyperthermia: an effective strategy to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. PubMed DOI

Pobezhimova, T., Voinikov, V. & Varakina, N. Inactivation of complex I of the respiratory chain of maize mitochondria incubated in vitro by elevated temperature. DOI

Kapiszewska, M. & Hopwood, L. E. Mechanisms of membrane damage for CHO cells heated in suspension. PubMed DOI PMC

Wang, Z. et al. The Role of Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Hyperthermia-Induced Platelet Apoptosis. PubMed DOI PMC

Kadkhoda, J., Tarighatnia, A., Barar, J., Aghanejad, A. & Davaran, S. Recent advances and trends in nanoparticles based photothermal and photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Bian, W. et al. A mitochondria-targeted thiazoleorange-based photothermal agent for enhanced photothermal therapy for tumors. PubMed DOI

Zhang, J. et al. Selective imaging and cancer cell death via pH switchable near-infrared fluorescence and photothermal effects. PubMed DOI PMC

Pan, G. Y. et al. Dual Channel Activatable Cyanine Dye for Mitochondrial Imaging and Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Theranostics. PubMed DOI

Lim, W. et al. Molecular Tuning of IR-786 for Improved Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. PubMed PMC

Kong, C. & Chen, X. Combined Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy and Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment: A Review. PubMed DOI PMC

Waldow, S. M., Henderson, B. W. & Dougherty, T. J. Potentiation of photodynamic therapy by heat: effect of sequence and time interval between treatments in vivo. PubMed DOI

Hiraoka, M. & Hahn, G. M. Comparison between tumor pH and cell sensitivity to heat in RIF-1 tumors. PubMed

Henderson, B. W., Waldow, S. M., Potter, W. R. & Dougherty, T. J. Interaction of photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia: tumor response and cell survival studies after treatment of mice in vivo. PubMed

Prinsze, C., Penning, L. C., Dubbelman, T. M. A. R. & VanSteveninck, J. Interaction of Photodynamic Treatment and Either Hyperthermia or Ionizing Radiation and of Ionizing Radiation and Hyperthermia with Respect to Cell Killing of L929 Fibroblasts, Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, and T24 Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells1. PubMed

Allkanjari, K. & Baldock, R. A. Beyond base excision repair: an evolving picture of mitochondrial DNA repair. PubMed PMC

Rodríguez, M. E., Cogno, I. S., Milla Sanabria, L. S., Morán, Y. S. & Rivarola, V. A. Heat shock proteins in the context of photodynamic therapy: autophagy, apoptosis and immunogenic cell death. PubMed DOI

Kuang, S. et al. Photodecaging of a Mitochondria-Localized Iridium(III) Endoperoxide Complex for Two-Photon Photoactivated Therapy under Hypoxia. PubMed DOI

Deng, X., Shao, Z. & Zhao, Y. Solutions to the Drawbacks of Photothermal and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang, K., Dong, Y., Li, X., Wang, F. & Zhang, Y. Dual-targeted delivery of paclitaxel and indocyanine green with aptamer-modified ferritin for synergetic chemo-phototherapy. PubMed DOI

Gunduz, H. et al. Dual laser activatable brominated hemicyanine as a highly efficient and photostable multimodal phototherapy agent. PubMed DOI

Luo, S. et al. Mitochondria-Targeted Small-Molecule Fluorophores for Dual Modal Cancer Phototherapy. DOI

Zhang, J. et al. Task-Specific Design of Immune-Augmented Nanoplatform to Enable High-Efficiency Tumor Immunotherapy. PubMed DOI

Li, Y. et al. All-in-One Heptamethine Cyanine Amphiphiles for Dual Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photodynamic-Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer. PubMed

Al-Ali, A. A. A. et al. Recent Advances in Photothermal Therapies Against Cancer and the Role of Membrane Transporter Modulators on the Efficacy of This Approach. PubMed DOI PMC

Li, P. T., Tsai, Y. J., Lee, M. J. & Chen, C. T. Increased Histone Deacetylase Activity Involved in the Suppressed Invasion of Cancer Cells Survived from ALA-Mediated Photodynamic Treatment. PubMed DOI PMC

Tsai, T. et al. ALA-PDT results in phenotypic changes and decreased cellular invasion in surviving cancer cells. PubMed DOI

Ailioaie, L. M., Ailioaie, C. & Litscher, G. Synergistic Nanomedicine: Photodynamic, Photothermal and Photoimmune Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Fulfilling the Myth of Prometheus? PubMed DOI PMC

Yin, S., Chen, Z., Chen, D. & Yan, D. Strategies targeting PD-L1 expression and associated opportunities for cancer combination therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang, S. et al. NIR-II Imaging-Guided Mitochondrial-Targeting Organic Nanoparticles for Multimodal Synergistic Tumor Therapy. PubMed DOI

Huang, J. et al. Dual mitigation of immunosuppression combined with photothermal inhibition for highly effective primary tumor and metastases therapy. PubMed DOI

Zhou, Z. et al. Selectively down-regulated PD-L1 by albumin-phenformin nanoparticles mediated mitochondrial dysfunction to stimulate tumor-specific immunological response for enhanced mild-temperature photothermal efficacy. PubMed DOI PMC

Broekgaarden, M., Weijer, R., van Gulik, T. M., Hamblin, M. R. & Heger, M. Tumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: a molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategies. PubMed DOI PMC

Matroule, J. Y., Volanti, C. & Piette, J. NF-kappaB in photodynamic therapy: discrepancies of a master regulator. PubMed DOI

Piette, J. Signalling pathway activation by photodynamic therapy: NF-κB at the crossroad between oncology and immunology. PubMed DOI

Hanlon, J. G., Adams, K., Rainbow, A. J., Gupta, R. S. & Singh, G. Induction of Hsp60 by Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Aniogo, E. C., George, B. P. A. & Abrahamse, H. Role of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Photodynamic Therapy Mediated Cell Survival and Regulation. PubMed PMC

Matroule, J. Y. et al. Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in colon cancer cell apoptosis mediated by aminopyropheophorbide photosensitization. PubMed

Zhou, F., Xing, D. & Chen, W. R. Dynamics and mechanism of HSP70 translocation induced by photodynamic therapy treatment. PubMed DOI

Ryan, K. M., Ernst, M. K., Rice, N. R. & Vousden, K. H. Role of NF-κB in p53-mediated programmed cell death. PubMed DOI

Shen, X. Y., Zacal, N., Singh, G. & Rainbow, A. J. Alterations in mitochondrial and apoptosis-regulating gene expression in photodynamic therapy-resistant variants of HT29 colon carcinoma cells. PubMed

Bhowmick, R. & Girotti, A. W. Pro-survival and pro-growth effects of stress-induced nitric oxide in a prostate cancer photodynamic therapy model. PubMed DOI PMC

Wang, P. et al. Enhancing the Efficiency of Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Assisting with Various Strategies. PubMed PMC

Herrmann, J. M., Stuart, R. A., Craig, E. A. & Neupert, W. Mitochondrial heat shock protein 70, a molecular chaperone for proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA. PubMed DOI PMC

Alvi, S. B. et al. The “nano to micro” transition of hydrophobic curcumin crystals leading to in situ adjuvant depots for Au-liposome nanoparticle mediated enhanced photothermal therapy. PubMed DOI

Andlinger, D. J. & Kulozik, U. Protein-protein interactions explain the temperature-dependent viscoelastic changes occurring in colloidal protein gels. PubMed DOI

Sroka, K. et al. BAG1 modulates huntingtin toxicity, aggregation, degradation, and subcellular distribution. PubMed DOI

Gennaro, V. J., Wedegaertner, H. & McMahon, S. B. Interaction between the BAG1S isoform and HSP70 mediates the stability of anti-apoptotic proteins and the survival of osteosarcoma cells expressing oncogenic MYC. PubMed DOI PMC

Wang, Y. et al. BAG-1L Protects SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Against Hypoxia/Re-oxygenation Through Up-Regulating HSP70 and Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. PubMed DOI

Koishi, M. et al. The effects of KNK437, a novel inhibitor of heat shock protein synthesis, on the acquisition of thermotolerance in a murine transplantable tumor in vivo. PubMed

Schopf, F. H., Biebl, M. M. & Buchner, J. The HSP90 chaperone machinery. PubMed DOI

Gopalakrishnan, R., Matta, H. & Chaudhary, P. M. A purine scaffold HSP90 inhibitor BIIB021 has selective activity against KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphoma and blocks vFLIP K13-induced NF-κB. PubMed DOI PMC

Rickard, B. P. et al. Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer (†). PubMed DOI PMC

Ahmed, J. II, Abdul Hamid, A. A., Abd Halim, K. B. & Che Has, A. T. P-glycoprotein: new insights into structure, physiological function, regulation and alterations in disease. PubMed DOI PMC

Druzhkova, I. et al. Effect of Collagen Matrix on Doxorubicin Distribution and Cancer Cells’ Response to Treatment in 3D Tumor Model. PubMed DOI PMC

Ferraro, G. et al. Cisplatin binding to angiogenin protein: new molecular pathways and targets for the drug’s anticancer activity. PubMed DOI

Deveci, H. A., Nazıroğlu, M. & Nur, G. 5-Fluorouracil-induced mitochondrial oxidative cytotoxicity and apoptosis are increased in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by TRPV1 channel activation but not Hypericum perforatum treatment. PubMed DOI

Xiao, H. et al. Nanodrug Inducing Autophagy Inhibition and Mitochondria Dysfunction for Potentiating Tumor Photo-Immunotherapy. PubMed DOI

Feng, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Liu, Q. & Wang, X. Energy metabolism targeted drugs synergize with photodynamic therapy to potentiate breast cancer cell death. PubMed DOI

Huang, Y. et al. The Potential of Lonidamine in Combination with Chemotherapy and Physical Therapy in Cancer Treatment. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhu, H., Jia, Z., Li, Y. R. & Danelisen, I. Molecular mechanisms of action of metformin: latest advances and therapeutic implications. PubMed DOI PMC

Ben-Yoseph, O., Lyons, J. C., Song, C. W. & Ross, B. D. Mechanism of action of lonidamine in the 9L brain tumor model involves inhibition of lactate efflux and intracellular acidification. PubMed DOI

Cha, J. H. et al. Metformin Promotes Antitumor Immunity via Endoplasmic-Reticulum-Associated Degradation of PD-L1. PubMed DOI PMC

Ishaq, M. et al. Functional inhibition of Hsp70 by Pifithrin-μ switches Gambogic acid induced caspase dependent cell death to caspase independent cell death in human bladder cancer cells. PubMed DOI

Zhang, G., Cheng, W., Du, L., Xu, C. & Li, J. Synergy of hypoxia relief and heat shock protein inhibition for phototherapy enhancement. PubMed DOI PMC

Liu, W. et al. Mitochondria-Mediated HSP Inhibition Strategy for Enhanced Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy. PubMed DOI

Zhang, T. et al. Hsp90 inhibitor-loaded IR780 micelles for mitochondria-targeted mild-temperature photothermal therapy in xenograft models of human breast cancer. PubMed DOI

Kessel, D. Reversible effects of photodamage directed toward mitochondria. PubMed DOI PMC

Wang, P. et al. Cancer Cytomembrane-Cloaked Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Enhance the Efficacy of Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy by Disrupting Mitochondrial Functions of Cancer Cells. PubMed DOI

Hahn, Y. I. et al. Curcumin interacts directly with the Cysteine 259 residue of STAT3 and induces apoptosis in H-Ras transformed human mammary epithelial cells. PubMed DOI PMC

Mohankumar, K. et al. BDMC-A, an analog of curcumin, inhibits markers of invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in breast cancer cells via NF- k B pathway—A comparative study with curcumin. PubMed DOI

Konduri, S. et al. In Vitro Growth Suppression of Renal Carcinoma Cells by Curcumin. DOI

Li, S. et al. Enhanced Photothermal-Photodynamic Therapy by Indocyanine Green and Curcumin-Loaded Layered MoS(2) Hollow Spheres via Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein. PubMed DOI PMC

Cui, X. et al. Multicomponent-assembled nanodiamond hybrids for targeted and imaging guided triple-negative breast cancer therapy via a ternary collaborative strategy. PubMed DOI

Caruso Bavisotto, C. et al. Curcumin Affects HSP60 Folding Activity and Levels in Neuroblastoma Cells. PubMed PMC

Kejik, Z. et al. Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs) in NSCLC: From Prognosis to Therapy Design. PubMed DOI PMC

Dytrych, P. et al. Therapeutic potential and limitations of curcumin as antimetastatic agent. PubMed DOI

Teiten, M. H., Reuter, S., Schmucker, S., Dicato, M. & Diederich, M. Induction of heat shock response by curcumin in human leukemia cells. PubMed DOI

Li, X. et al. Mitochondria-Targeting MoS(2)-Based Nanoagents for Enhanced NIR-II Photothermal-Chemodynamic Synergistic Oncotherapy. PubMed DOI

Quiogue, G. et al. Signaling From Lysosomes Enhances Mitochondria-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy In Cancer Cells. PubMed PMC

Kessel, D. & Reiners, J. J. Jr. Enhanced efficacy of photodynamic therapy via a sequential targeting protocol. PubMed DOI PMC

Shi, H. et al. A Metal-Polyphenol-Based Oxygen Economizer and Fenton Reaction Amplifier for Self-Enhanced Synergistic Photothermal/Chemodynamic/Chemotherapy. PubMed DOI

Richardson, R. B. & Harper, M. E. Mitochondrial stress controls the radiosensitivity of the oxygen effect: Implications for radiotherapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Gao, M. et al. Synthesis of a versatile mitochondria-targeting small molecule for cancer near-infrared fluorescent imaging and radio/photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapies. PubMed DOI PMC

Marrache, S., Tundup, S., Harn, D. A. & Dhar, S. Ex vivo generation of functional immune cells by mitochondria-targeted photosensitization of cancer cells. PubMed DOI

Chen, W. et al. Dual drugs decorated bacteria irradiate deep hypoxic tumor and arouse strong immune responses. PubMed DOI

Lahooti, B. et al. Targeting endothelial permeability in the EPR effect. PubMed DOI

Ng, K. K. & Zheng, G. Molecular Interactions in Organic Nanoparticles for Phototheranostic Applications. PubMed DOI

He, H. et al. Photoconversion-Tunable Fluorophore Vesicles for Wavelength-Dependent Photoinduced Cancer Therapy. PubMed DOI

Chen, Q., Liang, C., Wang, C. & Liu, Z. An Imagable and Photothermal “Abraxane-Like” Nanodrug for Combination Cancer Therapy to Treat Subcutaneous and Metastatic Breast Tumors. PubMed DOI

Král, V. et al. Nanomedicine -: Current status and perspectives:: A big potential or just a catchword?

Zhao, X. et al. AIEgens Conjugation Improves the Photothermal Efficacy and Near-Infrared Imaging of Heptamethine Cyanine IR-780. PubMed DOI

Zhao, X. et al. A Tumor-Targeting Near-Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Photosensitizer with Twisted Molecular Structure for Enhanced Imaging-Guided Cancer Phototherapy. PubMed DOI

Wang, X. et al. Colloidally Stabilized DSPE-PEG-Glucose/Calcium Phosphate Hybrid Nanocomposites for Enhanced Photodynamic Cancer Therapy via Complementary Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Overload and Autophagy Inhibition. PubMed DOI

Kim, S., Ohulchanskyy, T. Y., Pudavar, H. E., Pandey, R. K. & Prasad, P. N. Organically modified silica nanoparticles co-encapsulating photosensitizing drug and aggregation-enhanced two-photon absorbing fluorescent dye aggregates for two-photon photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Li, X. et al. Oxygen tank for synergistic hypoxia relief to enhance mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Luo, S. et al. Tailoring Multifunctional Small Molecular Photosensitizers to In Vivo Self-Assemble with Albumin to Boost Tumor-Preferential Accumulation, NIR Imaging, and Photodynamic/Photothermal/Immunotherapy. PubMed DOI

Tan, X. et al. Structure-Guided Design and Synthesis of a Mitochondria-Targeting Near-Infrared Fluorophore with Multimodal Therapeutic Activities. PubMed

Dar, N. & Ankari, R. Theoretical Models, Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Cyanine J-Aggregates: A Minireview. PubMed DOI PMC

Nie, J. Z., Wang, M. T. & Nie, D. Regulations of Tumor Microenvironment by Prostaglandins. PubMed PMC

Gustafsson, A. et al. Receptor and enzyme expression for prostanoid metabolism in colorectal cancer related to tumor tissue PGE2. PubMed

Wang, L. et al. Nanoscale photosensitizer with tumor-selective turn-on fluorescence and activatable photodynamic therapy treatment for COX-2 overexpressed cancer cells. PubMed DOI

Li, Y. et al. Anionic Cyanine J-Type Aggregate Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photosensitization for Mitochondria-Targeting Tumor Phototherapy. PubMed DOI

Wu, W. et al. Polymerization-Enhanced Photosensitization. DOI

Dickson, M. A. et al. Phase II study of the HSP90-inhibitor BIIB021 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. PubMed DOI PMC

Lv, F., Feng, E., Lv, S., Liu, D. & Song, F. Metal-Coordination-Mediated H-Aggregates of Cyanine Dyes for Effective Photothermal Therapy. PubMed DOI

Nath, P. et al. Intracellular detection of singlet oxygen using fluorescent nanosensors. PubMed DOI PMC

Weijer, R. et al. Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery. DOI

Gao, G. et al. Enzyme-Mediated Tumor Starvation and Phototherapy Enhance Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy. DOI

Neunert, G. et al. Disruptive effect of tocopherol oxalate on DPPC liposome structure: DSC, SAXS, and fluorescence anisotropy studies. PubMed DOI

Buckton, L., Wang, Y., McConnell, J. & McAlpine, S. Vol. 19 (2015).

Vial, G., Detaille, D. & Guigas, B. Role of Mitochondria in the Mechanism(s) of Action of Metformin. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang, Z. et al. Defeating relapsed and refractory malignancies through a nano-enabled mitochondria-mediated respiratory inhibition and damage pathway. PubMed DOI

Zhang, X. et al. Near-Infrared Light-Activated Oxygen Generator a Multidynamic Photo-Nanoplatform for Effective Anti-Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment. PubMed DOI PMC

Yu, H., Yang, Z., Li, F., Xu, L. & Sun, Y. Cell-mediated targeting drugs delivery systems. PubMed DOI PMC

Mai, X. et al. Integration of immunogenic activation and immunosuppressive reversion using mitochondrial-respiration-inhibited platelet-mimicking nanoparticles. PubMed DOI

Avci, P., Erdem, S. S. & Hamblin, M. R. Photodynamic therapy: one step ahead with self-assembled nanoparticles. PubMed DOI PMC

Wen, J. et al. Mitochondria-targeted nanoplatforms for enhanced photodynamic therapy against hypoxia tumor. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen, L. et al. Intelligent triggering of nanomicelles based on a ROS-activated anticancer prodrug and photodynamic therapy (PDT)-synergistic therapy for lung cancers. PubMed DOI

Pan, G.-Y. et al. Cyanine-Containing Polymeric Nanoparticles with Imaging/Therapy-Switchable Capability for Mitochondria-Targeted Cancer Theranostics. DOI

Traverso, N. et al. Role of glutathione in cancer progression and chemoresistance. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang, G. et al. GSH-Activatable NIR Nanoplatform with Mitochondria Targeting for Enhancing Tumor-Specific Therapy. PubMed DOI

Li, S., Johnson, J., Peck, A. & Xie, Q. Near infrared fluorescent imaging of brain tumor with IR780 dye incorporated phospholipid nanoparticles. PubMed DOI PMC

Hong, L. et al. Rational design of an oxygen-enriching nanoemulsion for enhanced near-infrared laser activatable photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumors. PubMed DOI

Nguyen, M. T. et al. Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions with Fluorous Chlorin-Type Photosensitizers for Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy in Hypoxia. PubMed PMC

Hoogenboezem, E. N. & Duvall, C. L. Harnessing albumin as a carrier for cancer therapies. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhou, Z. et al. Cascade two-stage tumor re-oxygenation and immune re-sensitization mediated by self-assembled albumin-sorafenib nanoparticles for enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy. PubMed DOI PMC

Liu, Y. et al. Tumor Selective Metabolic Reprogramming as a Prospective PD-L1 Depression Strategy to Reactivate Immunotherapy. PubMed DOI

Gao, G. et al. Molecular Targeting-Mediated Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy with a Smart Albumin-Based Nanodrug. PubMed DOI

Zhang, R., Zhao, X., Jia, A., Wang, C. & Jiang, H. Hyaluronic acid-based prodrug nanomedicines for enhanced tumor targeting and therapy: A review. PubMed DOI

Michalczyk, M., Humeniuk, E., Adamczuk, G. & Korga-Plewko, A. Hyaluronic Acid as a Modern Approach in Anticancer Therapy-Review. PubMed PMC

Wei, Y., Quan, L., Zhou, C. & Zhan, Q. Factors relating to the biodistribution & clearance of nanoparticles & their effects on in vivo application. PubMed DOI

Tian, H. et al. A targeted nanomodulator capable of manipulating tumor microenvironment against metastasis. PubMed DOI

Xu, S. et al. Dual tumor- and subcellular-targeted photodynamic therapy using glucose-functionalized MoS(2) nanoflakes for multidrug-resistant tumor ablation. PubMed DOI

Marín-Hernández, Á. et al. Hypoglycemia Enhances Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasiveness, and Restrains the Warburg Phenotype, in Hypoxic HeLa Cell Cultures and Microspheroids. PubMed DOI

Jagdale, S. et al. GLUT1 transporter-facilitated solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with anti-cancer therapeutics for ovarian cancer targeting. PubMed DOI

Hashemkhani, M., Muti, A., Sennaroğlu, A. & Yagci Acar, H. Multimodal image-guided folic acid targeted Ag-based quantum dots for the combination of selective methotrexate delivery and photothermal therapy. PubMed DOI

Wu, P.-J. et al. Methotrexate-conjugated AgInS2/ZnS quantum dots for optical imaging and drug delivery. DOI

Hu, F. et al. Real-time in vivo visualization of tumor therapy by a near-infrared-II Ag2S quantum dot-based theranostic nanoplatform.

Hashemkhani, M., Bilici, K., Muti, A., Sennaroglu, A. & Acar, H. Y. Ag2S-Glutathione quantum dots for NIR image guided photothermal therapy. DOI

Celikbas, E. et al. Image-Guided Enhanced PDT/PTT Combination Therapy Using Brominated Hemicyanine-Loaded Folate Receptor-Targeting Ag2S Quantum Dots. PubMed DOI PMC

Duman, F. D. et al. Folic acid-conjugated cationic Ag2S quantum dots for optical imaging and selective doxorubicin delivery to HeLa cells. PubMed DOI

Yang, F., Xu, M., Chen, X. & Luo, Y. Spotlight on porphyrins: Classifications, mechanisms and medical applications. PubMed DOI

Jiang, Z., Xiao, W. & Fu, Q. Stimuli responsive nanosonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy. PubMed DOI

Qian, X., Zheng, Y. & Chen, Y. Micro/Nanoparticle-Augmented Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT): Breaking the Depth Shallow of Photoactivation. PubMed DOI

Silva, E. C. I., Pratavieira, S., Salvador Bagnato, V. & Alves, F. Sonophotodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm mediated by curcumin. PubMed

Li, Q. et al. The effects of Ce6-mediated sono-photodynamic therapy on cell migration, apoptosis and autophagy in mouse mammary 4T1 cell line. PubMed DOI

Shi, H., Tan, X., Wang, P. & Qin, J. A novel near-infrared trifluoromethyl heptamethine cyanine dye with mitochondria-targeting for integration of collaborative treatment of photothermal and sonodynamic therapy. DOI

Wang, P. et al. Anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects elicited by combination photodynamic therapy with sonodynamic therapy on breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. PubMed DOI

Hu, D. et al. Trimodal Sono/Photoinduced Focal Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Single-Drug-Based Nanosensitizer under Dual-Activation. DOI

Guo, X. et al. Mito-Bomb: Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Therapy (Adv. Mater. 43/2021). PubMed DOI

Peng, X. et al. Fluorescence Ratiometry and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging: Using a Single Molecular Sensor for Dual Mode Imaging of Cellular Viscosity. PubMed DOI

Ciubini, B. et al. Design and synthesis of symmetrical pentamethine cyanine dyes as NIR photosensitizers for PDT. DOI

Zhang, M. et al. A Dual-Function Hemicyanine Material with Highly Efficient Photothermal and Photodynamic Effect Used for Tumor Therapy. PubMed DOI

Wysocki, M. et al. Excited State and Reactive Oxygen Species against Cancer and Pathogens: A Review on Sonodynamic and Sono-Photodynamic Therapy. PubMed DOI

Sowers, A. E. & Hackenbrock, C. R. Rate of lateral diffusion of intramembrane particles: measurement by electrophoretic displacement and rerandomization. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen, G. et al. Advanced Near-Infrared Light for Monitoring and Modulating the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cell Functions in Living Systems. PubMed DOI PMC

Hildingsson, S., Gebre-Medhin, M., Zschaeck, S. & Adrian, G. Hypoxia in relationship to tumor volume using hypoxia PET-imaging in head & neck cancer - A scoping review. PubMed PMC

Chen, J. et al. Oxygen-Self-Produced Nanoplatform for Relieving Hypoxia and Breaking Resistance to Sonodynamic Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. PubMed DOI

Injecting hope: the potential of intratumoral immunotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic cancer