Sensitive written hedgehog PICture Naming and Immediate Recall (PICNIR) as a valid and brief test of semantic and short-term episodic memory for very mild cognitive impairment
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
- Klíčová slova
- Alzheimer's disease, PICNIR, dementia, episodic memory, hedgehog PICture naming and immediate recall, mild cognitive impairment, picture, screening, semantic memory, test,
- MeSH
- epizodická paměť * MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rozpomínání * fyziologie MeSH
- sémantika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- testy pro posouzení mentálních funkcí a demence statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Semantic and short-term episodic memory are impaired in some brain disorders including Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE: Development and validation of an almost self-administered, but cognitively demanding four-minute test identifying very mild cognitive impairment (vMCI). METHODS: The innovative hedgehog PICture Naming and Immediate Recall (PICNIR) consisted of two parts. The first task was to write down the names of 20 black-and-white pictures to evaluate long-term semantic memory and language. The second task involves immediate recall and writing the names of as many previously named pictures as possible in one minute. The PICNIR is assessed using the number of naming errors (NE) and correctly recalled picture names (PICR). The PICNIR and a neuropsychological battery were administered to 190 elderly individuals living independently in the community. They were divided into those with vMCI (n = 43 with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 24 ± 3 points) and sociodemographically matched cognitively normal (CN) individuals (n = 147 with MoCA 26 ± 3). Both subgroups had predicted mean Mini-Mental State Examination scores of 28-29 points. RESULTS: Compared to CN, vMCI participants made more NE (0.3 ± 0.6 versus 0.6 ± 0.9; p = 0.02) and recalled fewer PICR (8.9 ± 2.2 versus 6.8 ± 2.2; p < 0.000001). Discriminative validity was satisfactory using the area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.76 for PICR, 0.74 for MoCA, 0.67 for MoCA-five-word recall, and 0.59 for NE. The AUCs of PICR and MoCA were comparable and larger than those of MoCA five-point recall or NE. Logical Memory scores, RAVLT scores, Digit symbol, and animal fluency correlated with PICR. CONCLUSIONS: The picture-based PICNIR is an ultra-brief, sensitive cognitive test valid for assessing very mild cognitive impairment. Its effectiveness should be validated for other languages and cultures.
1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
3rd Faculty of Medicine Department of Neurology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
Department of Neurology Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady Prague Czech Republic
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