BACKGROUND: Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows. The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, whose resistant strains make the treatment of mastitis with conventional antibiotics very difficult and result in high losses. Therefore, it is important to develop novel therapeutic agents to overcome the resistance of mastitis-causing strains. In this study, novel selenium-tellurium based nanoparticles (SeTeNPs) were synthesized and characterized. Their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a bovine model. A total of 10 heifers were divided into experimental and control groups (5 animals each). After intramammary infection with methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the development of clinical signs of mastitis, a dose of SeTeNPs was administered to all quarters in the experimental group. RESULTS: Based on in vitro tests, the concentration of 149.70 mg/L and 263.95 mg/L of Se and Te, respectively, was used for application into the mammary gland. Three days after SeTeNPs administration, MRSA counts in the experimental group showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. The inhibitory effect observed within the in vitro experiments was thus confirmed, resulting in the suppression of infection in animals. Moreover, the superior biocompatibility of SeTeNPs in the organism was demonstrated, as the nanoparticles did not significantly alter the inflammatory response or histopathology at the site of application, i.e., mammary gland, compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Additionally, the metabolic profile of the blood plasma as well as the histology of the main organs remained unaffected, indicating that the nanoparticles had no adverse effects on the organism. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SeTeNPs can be used as a promising treatment for bovine mastitis in the presence of resistant bacteria. However, the current study is limited by its small sample size, making it primarily a proof of the concept for the efficacy of intramammary-applied SeTeNPs. Therefore, further research with a larger sample size is needed to validate these results.

Cancer Research Institute Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská cesta 9 Bratislava 845 05 Slovak Republic

Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 656 123 Brno 612 00 Czech Republic

Central European Institute of Technology University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Palackého tř 1946 1 Brno 612 42 Czech Republic

Contipro a s Dolní Dobrouč 401 Dolní Dobrouč 561 02 Czech Republic

Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology University of Veterinary Sciences Brno Palackého tř 1946 1 Brno 612 42 Czech Republic

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1665 1 Brno 613 00 Czech Republic

Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Syllabova 9 Ostrava Vítkovice 700 03 Czech Republic

Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine Veterinary Research Institute Hudcova 296 70 Brno 621 00 Czech Republic

Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Charles University Alej Svobody 76 Pilsen 323 00 Czech Republic

Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Technická 3058 10 Brno 616 00 Czech Republic

Division of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Department of Laboratory Medicine The University Hospital Brno Jihlavská 20 Brno 625 00 Czech Republic

Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology Department of Animal Morphology Physiology and Genetics Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1665 1 Brno 613 00 Czech Republic

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