Assessing actual and potential impacts of non-native species is necessary for prioritising their management. Traditional assessments often occur at the species level, potentially overlooking differences among populations. The recently developed Dispersal-Origin-Status-Impact (DOSI) assessment scheme addresses this by treating biological invasions as population-level phenomena, incorporating the complexities affecting populations of non-native species. We applied the DOSI scheme to the non-native and translocated species reported in a shallow alluvial lake (Lake Gala) and a reservoir (Sığırcı Reservoir) in north-western Türkiye. DOSI identified 12 established species across both ecosystems, including nine fish, two invertebrates, and one mammal. Most species received High and Medium-High priority rankings, in both sites. In contrast, Medium and Low priority rankings were less common, each occurring once in Lake Gala and four times in Sığırcı Reservoir. These high-priority species warrant targeted management interventions due to their established status, autonomous spread, and observed negative impacts. By enabling a more nuanced and context-specific approach, DOSI facilitates the development of targeted strategies for managing species posing the highest risks. Moreover, DOSI's focus on population-level assessment within ecosystems is highly relevant for stakeholders, decision-makers, and environmental managers, because it provides a more detailed and precise unit of evaluation.

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage Wollongong NSW Australia

Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics CAMB Gulf University for Science and Technology Mubarak Al Abdullah Kuwait

Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Fisheries Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Türkiye

Department of Biology Faculty of Science Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Türkiye

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sea Grant Extension Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA

Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth University Poole Dorset UK

Department of River Ecology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen Germany

Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology University of Lodz Lodz Poland

Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Zátiší 728 2 389 25 Vodňany Czech Republic

Faculty of Fisheries Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize Türkiye

Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu College of Science and Engineering Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide SA 5001 Australia

Marine and Inland Waters Sciences and Technology Department Faculty of Fisheries Ege University İzmir Türkiye

Oregon Invasive Species Council Salem USA

Oregon Sea Grant Corvallis OR USA

Vocational School of Health Services Eskişehir Osmangazi University Eskişehir Türkiye

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