Black aluminum is a material characterized by high surface porosity due to columnar growth and exhibits unique optical properties that make it attractive for applications such as light trapping, infrared detection, and passive thermal radiation cooling. In this study, we correlate the structural and optical properties of black aluminum by comparing it with conventional reflective aluminum layers. These layers of varying thicknesses were deposited on fused silica substrates, and their optical properties were analyzed. COMSOL simulations, supported by experimental data, reveal that black aluminum's structure leads to a significant reduction in visible light reflectivity and an increase in emissivity in the near- and mid-infrared ranges. This enhanced emissivity is partly due to the presence of aluminum nitride (AlN) grain boundaries and an oxidized surface layer. Optically, black aluminum differs significantly from reflective aluminum by presenting a reflectivity below 5% in visible wavelength and an average emissivity of approximately 0.4-0.5 from 1.2 to 20 μm. Thermally, it possesses approximately ten times lower thermal conductivity and doubles the volumetric heat capacity. These differences are attributed to its porous structure, nanoscale crystallites, and the presence of aluminum nitrides and oxides within the material.

Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics 5 Holešovičkách 2 180 00 Prague Czech Republic

CIMAP Normandie Université ENSICAEN UNICAEN CEA UMR CNRS 6252 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin 14050 Caen Cedex 4 France

Department of Physics and Measurements University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic

Institute of Physics University of Tartu W Ostwald St 1 Tartu 50411 Estonia

New Technologies Research Centre University of West Bohemia 301 00 Pilsen Czech Republic

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