Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling. Many mitochondria-transfer mechanisms have been described using a variety of names, generating confusion about mitochondria transfer biology. Furthermore, several therapeutic approaches involving mitochondria-transfer biology have emerged, including mitochondria transplantation and cellular engineering using isolated mitochondria. In this Consensus Statement, we define relevant terminology and propose a nomenclature framework to describe mitochondria transfer and transplantation as a foundation for further development by the community as this dynamic field of research continues to evolve.

Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA

Centre for Orthopaedic Research Medical School of the University of Western Australia Nedlands Western Australia Australia

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable Instituto de salud Carlos 3 Madrid Spain

Centro de Investigación Biomédica Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Los Andes Santiago Chile

Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos 3 Madrid Spain

College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Université Laval Québec Québec Canada

Department of Biology University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy

Department of Cancer Cell Biology Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand

Department of Cell Biology and Physiology Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA

Department of Emergency Medicine Kindai University Faculty of Medicine Osaka Japan

Department of Emergency Medicine Northwell Health Manhassett NY USA

Department of Genetics 1 Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmhingham Birmingham AL USA

Department of Hematology and Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan

Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA

Department of Molecular Genetics School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea

Department of Neurological Surgery University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA USA

Department of Neurology H Houston Merritt Center for Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Disorders Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA

Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department of Bioengineering and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA

Department of Pharmacology Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Department of Pharmacy 2nd Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China

Department of Physiology and the Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY USA

Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Lipid Research Department of Internal Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA

Faculty of Science and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

IMPACT Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy Universidad de los Andes Santiago Chile

Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Hematology Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin China

Institute of Research in Cancerology of Montpellier INSERM U1194 University of Montpellier ICM Institut du Cancer de Montpellier Montpellier France

Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina and Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Escuela de Medicina Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador

Mito Act Research Consortium Quito Ecuador

Mitochondria and Metabolism Center Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA

MitoWorld National Laboratory for Education Transformation Oakland CA USA

Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada

Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital East 149 2401 Charlestown MA USA

New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA

Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Nedlands Western Australia Australia

Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York NY USA

School of Pharmacy and Medical Science Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

UMR CNRS 8263 INSERM U1345 Development Adaptation and Ageing Sorbonne Université Institut de Biologie Paris Seine Paris France

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