Climate change is predicted to drive geographical range shifts that will result in changes in species diversity and functional composition and have potential repercussions for ecosystem functioning. However, the effect of these changes on species composition and functional diversity (FD) remains unclear, especially for mammals, specifically bats. We used species distribution models and a comprehensive ecological and morphometrical trait database to estimate how projected future climate and land-use changes could influence the distribution, composition, and FD of the European bat community. Future bat assemblages were predicted to undergo substantial shifts in geographic range and trait structure. Range suitability decreased substantially in southern Europe and increased in northern latitudes. Our findings highlight the potential for climate change to drive shifts in bat FD, which has implications for ecosystem function and resilience at a continental scale. It is important to incorporate FD in conservation strategies. These efforts should target species with key functional traits predicted to be lost and areas expected to experience losses in FD. Conservation strategies should include habitat and roost protection, enhancing landscape connectivity, and international monitoring to preserve bat populations and their ecosystem services.

Cambios en la composición de la comunidad y la diversidad funcional de murciélagos europeos bajo el cambio climático Resumen Se prevé que el cambio climático provocará desplazamientos geográficos que alterarán la diversidad de las especies y su composición funcional, con posibles repercusiones en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, el efecto de estos cambios sobre la composición de las especies y la diversidad funcional aun no es claro, especialmente en el caso de los mamíferos, en concreto los murciélagos. Utilizamos modelos de distribución de especies y una base de datos integral de rasgos ecológicos y morfométricos para estimar cómo los futuros cambios previstos en el clima y el uso del suelo podrían influir en la distribución, composición y diversidad funcional de la comunidad europea de murciélagos. Se predijo que los futuros conjuntos de murciélagos sufrirían cambios sustanciales en su distribución geográfica y en la estructura de sus atributos. La idoneidad del área de distribución disminuyó sustancialmente en el sur de Europa y aumentó en las latitudes septentrionales. Nuestros resultados ponen de relieve la posibilidad de que el cambio climático provoque cambios en la diversidad funcional de los murciélagos, lo que tiene implicaciones para la función y la resiliencia de los ecosistemas a escala continental. Es importante incorporar la diversidad funcional a las estrategias de conservación. Estos esfuerzos deberían centrarse en las especies con rasgos funcionales clave que se prevé que se pierdan y en las zonas en las que se espera que se produzcan pérdidas de diversidad funcional. Las estrategias de conservación deberían incluir la protección del hábitat y de los dormideros, la mejora de la conectividad del paisaje y el seguimiento internacional para preservar las poblaciones de murciélagos y sus servicios ecosistémicos.

Bat Conservation Ireland Dublin Ireland

BiBio Research Group Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers Spain

Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

Centre d'´Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne Université Paris France

Centre for Bat Research and Conservation Cluj Napoca Romania

Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora Ljubljana Office Ljubljana Slovenia

Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos InBIO Laboratório Associado Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal

Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune sauvage Auzeville Tolosane France

Conservation Biology Research Group Department of Biology University of Malta Msida Malta

Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

Department of Biosciences University of Exeter Exeter UK

Department of Ecology and Evolution Estacion Biologica Doñana Sevilla Spain

Department of Global Change Ecology Universitat Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany

Department of Life Sciences Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel

Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napocac Cluj Napoca Romania

Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Facultyof Science and Technology University of the BasqueCountry UPV EHU Sarriena Z G The Basque Country Leioa Spain

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Prague Czech Republic

Department of Zoology Institute of Biology and Ecology University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik Košice Slovakia

EcoHealth Alliance New York New York USA

Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway

Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolution Istanbul Technical University Maslak Turkey

Faculty of Agriculture Bosnia and Herzegovina University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina

Faculty of Behavioural Ecology University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies Jelgava Latvia

Finnish Environment Institute Helsinki Finland

Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Geonatura Ltd Zagreb Croatia

Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean National Research Council of Italy Portici Italy

Institute for Environment and Nature Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development Zagreb Croatia

Institute for the Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems Sesto Fiorentino Italy

Institute of Animal Science Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland

Institute of Biology University of Latvia Salaspils Latvia

Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia

Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen Slovakia

Institute of Zoology Moldova State University Chisinau Moldova

Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas Lisbon Portugal

Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico 2 Portici Italy

Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring Bizerte Faculty of Science University of Carthage Zarzouna Tunisia

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin Germany

Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology Esch sur Alzette Luxembourg

Mammal Research Institute PAS Białowieża Poland

Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben Gurion University of the Negev Midreshet Ben Gurion Israel

Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany

Myotis Bat Conservation Group Miercurea Ciuc Romania

National Museum of Natural History Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria

Natural History Museum of Crete University of Crete Heraklion Greece

Naturalia Environnement Avignon France

Nature Education Research and Consultancy van der Kooij Slattum Norway

PatriNat Paris France

Program of Hunting and Wildlife Department of Forestry Food and Agriculture Vocational School University of Çankırı Karatekin Çankırı Turkey

School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton UK

Station de Biologie Marine Concarneau France

UNEP EUROBATS Secretariat Bonn Germany

Unità di Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali Giuso Tosi Research Group Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate Università degli Studi dell'insubria Varese Italy

University of Ljubljana Subterranean Biology Lab Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty Kongresni Ljubljana Slovenia

Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Lab Departamento de Zoología Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile

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