Reversing biodiversity loss and the sustainability crisis requires approaches that explicitly consider human-nature interdependencies. Social-ecological networks, which incorporate social and ecological actors and entities, as well as their interactions, provide such an approach. Social-ecological networks have been applied to a range of complex issues, including sustainable resource use, management of ecosystem services and disservices, and collective action. However, the application of social-ecological networks to invasion science remains limited so far, despite their clear potential for studying human contributions to introduction pathways of nonnative species, invasion success, direct and indirect impacts, and their management. In the present article, we review past applications of social-ecological networks to biological invasions, provide guidance on how to construct and analyze such networks, with an illustrative example, and outline future opportunities of social-ecological networks in invasion science. We aim to inform and inspire the applications of social-ecological networks to improve our ability to meet the diverse challenges facing invasion science.

Argentine Institute for Dryland Research CONICET and the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina

Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Berlin Germany

Biodiversity Conservation and Management Programme Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia Solsona Catalonia Spain

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology České Budějovice Czech Republic

Center for Ocean and Society Kiel University Kiel Germany

Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa

Departament de Ciències Ambientals Facultat de Ciències Universitat de Girona in Girona Catalonia Spain

Department of Agricultural Economics Kiel University Kiel Germany

Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland

Department of Biosciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Swansea University Swansea Wales United Kingdom

Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change Doñana Biological Station Seville Spain

Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology University of Haifa Haifa Israel

Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Pruhonice Czech Republic

Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic

Division of BioInvasions Global Change and Macroecology Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Division of Integrative Fisheries Management Faculty of Life Sciences at Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany

Environment Agency Austria Vienna Austria

Estación Biológica de Doñana with the Department of Plant Biology and Ecology Universidad de Sevilla in Sevilla Spain

Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Almería Spain

Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice České Budějovice Czech Republic

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel Germany

ICAR Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute Barrackpore India

Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast Northern Ireland United Kingdom

Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland United Kingdom

Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología Spanish National Research Council Zaragoza Spain

le laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution Université Paris Saclay Paris France

Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany

National Laboratory for Health Security HUN REN Centre for Ecological Research Budapest Hungary

Research Institute for Nature and Forest Brussels Belgium

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama

Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

Université Paris Saclay CNRS AgroParisTech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Gif sur Yvette France

West Iceland Nature Research Centre Stykkishólmur Iceland

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