Synthesis of [15 N4 ] purine labeled cytokinine glycosides derived from zeatins and topolins containing a 9-β-d, 7-β-d-glucopyranosyl, or 9-β-d-ribofuranosyl group is described. These N6 -substituted adenine derivatives are intended as internal analytic standards for phytohormone analysis. All labeled compounds were prepared from 6-chloro[15 N4 ]purine (1). The equilibrium reaction of 1 with acetobromo-α-d-glucose gave isomeric 7-β-d (3) and 9-β-d (4) chloro glucosyl precursors, which were treated with the corresponding amines to get desired labeled cytokinin 7-β-d (6) and 9-β-d (5) glucopyranosides. Cytokinins containing 9-β-d-ribofuranosyl group (8) were obtained by direct enzymatic transglycosylation reaction of cytokinins (7) prepared from 6-chloro[15 N4 ] purine (1).
Triterpenoids are natural compounds with a large variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparazitic, antiinflammatory and others. Despite their low toxicity and simple availability from the natural resources, their clinical use is still severely limited by their higher IC50 and worse pharmacological properties than in the currently used therapeutics. This fact encouraged a number of researchers to develop new terpenic derivatives more suitable for the potential clinical use. This review summarizes a new approach to improve both, the activity and ADME-Tox properties by connecting active terpenes to another modifying molecules using click reactions. Within the past few years, this synthetic approach was well explored yielding a lot of great improvements of the parent compounds along with some less successful attempts. A large quantity of the new compounds presented here are superior in both activity and ADME-Tox properties to their parents. This review should serve the researchers who need to promote their hit triterpenic structures towards their clinical use and it is intended as a guide for the chemical synthesis of better drug candidates.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- syntetická chemie okamžité shody * MeSH
- terpeny chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- triazoly chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In this work, we describe synthesis of conjugates of betulinic acid with substituted triazoles prepared via Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition. All compounds contain free 28-COOH group. Allylic bromination of protected betulinic acid by NBS gave corresponding 30-bromoderivatives, their substitution with sodium azides produced 30-azidoderivatives and these azides were subjected to CuI catalysed Huisgen 1,3-cycloaddition to give the final conjugates. Reactions had moderate to high yields. All new compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activities on eight cancer and two non-cancer cell lines. The most active compounds were conjugates of 3β-O-acetylbetulinic acid and among them, conjugate with triazole substituted by benzaldehyde 9b was the best with IC50 of 3.3 μM and therapeutic index of 9.1. Five compounds in this study had IC50 below 10 μM and inhibited DNA and RNA synthesis and caused block in G0/G1 cell cycle phase which is highly similar to actinomycin D. It is unusual that here prepared 3β-O-acetates were more active than compounds with the free 3-OH group and this suggests that this set may have common mechanism of action that is different from the mechanism of action of previously known 3β-O-acetoxybetulinic acid derivatives. Benzaldehyde type conjugate 9b is the best candidate for further drug development.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- benzaldehydy chemie MeSH
- buněčný cyklus účinky léků MeSH
- cykloadiční reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- triazoly chemie MeSH
- triterpeny chemie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Derivatives of 3-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,2-oxazine-6-carboxylic acid prepared by regioselective hetero Diels-Alder reaction of arylnitroso compounds with sorbic acid were used for solid-phase synthesis of a library of derivatives that included modification of carboxylic group, dihydroxylation of double bond and cleavage of N-O bond. Derivatives of 2,3,4-trihydroxyhexanoic acid obtained from 3,6-dihydro-2H-1,2-oxazines after double bond dihydroxylation and N-O cleavage were used for simple and stereoselective formation of chiral lactones derived from 3,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. The final compounds obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers were analyzed with use of chiral HPLC and SFC. HPLC analyses were not successful for all derivatives or required lengthy chromatography. On the other hand SFC afforded much shorter analyses and was effective for all studied derivatives. The method of synthesis and analysis is thus suitable for future study of stereoselective synthesis of lactones and other derivatives from single oxazine derivatives and application of high-throughput synthesis on solid-support and combinatorial chemistry.
- MeSH
- cykloadiční reakce MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- laktony chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- oxaziny chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- techniky syntézy na pevné fázi MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Quercetin and phenylpropanoids are well known chemoprotective compounds identified in many plants. This study was aimed at determining their effects on activation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) signalling pathway and expression of its important downstream effector phase II detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in BJ foreskin fibroblasts and skin HaCaT keratinocytes. Cell lines and their corresponding Nrf2-ARE luciferase reporter cells were treated by ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin for 10 h and the level of Nrf2 activity was subsequently determined. Both, ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin, significantly increased the level of Nrf2 activity. Subsequent western blot analyses of proteins showed the increased expression level of glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in BJ cells but not in HaCaT cells. Such phenomenon of unresponsive downstream target expression in HaCaT cells was consistent with previous studies showing a constitutive expression of their GSTP1. Thus, while both ginger phenylpropanoids and quercetin have the property of increasing the level of Nrf2 both in HaCaT and in BJ cells, their effects on its downstream signalling were mediated only in BJ cells.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- faktor 2 související s NF-E2 biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- glutathion-S-transferasa fí biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa MeSH
- keratinocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- quercetin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků MeSH
- zázvor lékařský chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The preparation of 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4(1H)-quinolinones substituted in position 7 with a carboxyl group is described. The synthesis is based on the reaction of 2-aminoterephthalic acid with substituted alpha-bromoacetophenones and subsequent cyclization of the resulting bisphenacylesters in polyphosphoric acid. The reaction affords a mixture of substituted 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4(1H)-quinolinones 7-carboxylic acids as well as their phenacylesters. All quinolinones prepared (acids and phenacylesters) were tested for cytotoxic activity in vitro against five cancer cell lines and the results and a tentative structure-activity relationship are reported.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakokinetika farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- chinoliny farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- estery farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- indikátory a reagencie MeSH
- krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
- kyseliny karboxylové farmakologie chemická syntéza MeSH
- léky antitumorózní - screeningové testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- tetrazoliové soli MeSH
- thiazoly MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
