- Klíčová slova
- VZP, úhrady centrových léčiv,
- MeSH
- centra terciární péče * MeSH
- kontrolované látky * aplikace a dávkování ekonomika MeSH
- léky na předpis MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zdravotní pojištění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Závěrečná práce NCONZO
1 svazek : grafy, tabulky ; 30 cm + 1 CD
- Klíčová slova
- hygienicko-epidemiologická opatření,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 ošetřování MeSH
- dětské nemocnice MeSH
- koronavirové infekce epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- krizová intervence MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné práce
BACKGROUND: The origin of Western African pastoralism, represented today by the Fulani nomads, has been a highly debated issue for the past decades, and has not yet been conclusively resolved. AIM: This study focused on Alu polymorphisms in sedentary and nomadic populations across the African Sahel to investigate patterns of diversity that can complement the existing results and contribute to resolving issues concerning the origin of West African pastoralism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A new dataset of 21 Alu biallelic markers covering a substantial part of the African Sahel has been analysed jointly with several published North African populations. RESULTS: Interestingly, with regard to Alu variation, the relationship of Fulani pastoralists to North Africans is not as evident as was earlier revealed by studies of uniparental loci such as mtDNA and NRY. Alu insertions point rather to an affinity of Fulani pastoralists to Eastern Africans also leading a pastoral lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that contemporary Fulani pastoralists might be descendants of an ancestral Eastern African population that, while crossing the Sahara in the Holocene, admixed slightly with a population of Eurasian (as evidenced by uniparental polymorphisms) ancestry. It seems that, in the Fulani pastoralists, Alu elements reflect more ancient genetic relationships than do uniparental genetic systems.
- MeSH
- elementy Alu genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti * MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- subsaharská Afrika MeSH
The objective of this study was to provide deeper knowledge of the maternal genetic structure and demographic history of the human populations of the Sahel/Savannah belt, the extensive region lying between the Sahara and tropical rainforests, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea coast. The study aimed to confirm or disconfirm archaeological and linguistic data indicating that the region's populations underwent diversification as a result of the spread of agropastoral food-producing subsistence lifestyles, over time dividing the region into separate areas of nomadic pastoralism, on the one hand, and sedentary farming, on the other. To perform both descriptive and coalescence analyses from the Sahel/Savannah belt's entire region, including western and eastern rather than just central populations studied previously, we generated a new mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data set not only having almost 2,000 samples (875 of which were newly collected) but also encompassing whole mtDNA D-loop segment rather than only the previously studied hypervariable segment 1. While comparing our analyses with previous results from the Lake Chad Basin (central Sahel/Savannah Belt), we found similar intrapopulation diversity measures (i.e., lower values in pastoralists than in farmers). However, the new data set pointed to significant differences in mating strategies between western and eastern pastoralists: our results suggest higher gene flow between the Arabic pastoralists and neighboring farmers in the eastern part than between the Fulani pastoralists and their sedentary neighbors in the western part of the Sahel/Savannah belt. The findings are discussed in light of archaeological and linguistic data, allowing us to postulate that the genetic differentiation of Fulani pastoralists from the common western African agropastoral gene pool occurred at around the same time as the arrival of the Arabic pastoralists to eastern Africa. However, it seems that while the process of divergence of the Fulani pastoralists in the west was accompanied by a loss of Fulani females to other populations, the Arab pastoralists' immigration to the Sahel/Savannah belt conversely resulted in some gain of local females into this Arab population.
- MeSH
- Arabové genetika MeSH
- archeologie metody MeSH
- černoši genetika dějiny MeSH
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- emigrace a imigrace MeSH
- genetické struktury MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti MeSH
- populační genetika MeSH
- tok genů genetika MeSH
- zemědělství trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- severní Afrika MeSH
