Introduction: Trunk and shoulder strength are consistently shown to be involved in performance limitations, as well as contributing to stability, power output, and reducing the risk of injury. Although their biomechanical interaction is a critical aspect for athletes, there is limited research on the relationship between trunk and shoulder strength in sports where upper body mechanics are critical for optimal performance. Purpose: This study examined the differences and relationships between trunk rotational strength and shoulder rotational strength among athletes participating in mixed martial arts (MMA), tennis, swimming, and baseball. Methods: Maximal voluntary contraction tests were performed to evaluate strength of 39 professional adult male athletes from disciplines of MMA (n = 6), tennis (n = 11), swimming (n = 11) and baseball (n = 11). Peak force data were used in sports comparison and relationship analysis between trunk and shoulder rotation strength parameters. Results: The findings revealed a complex and significant relationship between trunk and shoulder strength, with unique patterns for each athletic discipline. Tennis players exhibited a strong correlation between trunk bilateral differences and internal shoulder rotation, while other disciplines demonstrated a more balanced use of trunk asymmetry. Swimmers displayed the best interactions between trunk and shoulder overall, emphasizing the aquatic environment's biomechanical demands. In MMA, the strongest correlation was between shoulder internal and external rotation with the trunk, mainly due to the number of defensive movements in addition to offensive ones. Baseball pitchers showed a significant correlation between internal/external shoulder rotation strength ratio and trunk asymmetry. Conclusion: While no differences in peak force variables were found, unique relationships between trunk and shoulder rotational performance were discovered. The results suggest a long-term sport-specific adaptation of the trunk-shoulder interaction in sports that require upper limb power movements. It seems, that the relationship between the various parameters of trunk and shoulder was influenced by the movement stereotype of each sport. Therefore, recognition of sport-specific interactions is critical to the development of effective training programs that enhance performance and potentially reduce injury risk in different sports. Researchers and practitioners should focus on longitudinally monitoring fluctuations in TRS and SRS relationships throughout each sport season and examining potential associations with injury incidence.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine relationships of external load variables between beach and indoor volleyball amongst individual positions on the team. The movements of eight beach and fourteen indoor female volleyball players were recorded during elite playoff matches; in total, 2,336 three-dimensional trajectories were analyzed. Time-outs and intervals between rallies or sets were excluded from active play time. In both beach and indoor volleyball, 80% of rallies lasted up to 10 s, and players covered 4.5 to 10 m of court during 60% of rally play. Differences in dependent variables of external load were found between independent variables of sports and player positions (p < 0.05). The distance covered in beach volleyball rallies and Player LoadTM parameters was significantly higher by up to 23%. The unstable court surface with sand in beach volleyball elevated explosive Player LoadTM (accelerations in all three orthogonal planes of motion higher than 3.5 m/s3) in beach volleyball players compared to those of players on stable flooring in indoor. While beach volleyball blocker and defender positions showed no significant difference in parameters between each other, they differed in all parameters when compared to player positions in indoor volleyball. Indoor blocker and libero reached higher loads than setter, outside and opposite positions in various parameters. Factors that influence external load include the larger relative court areas covered by each player in beach volleyball, complexity of players' roles, and game strategy. This data adds to the knowledge of elite match demands in female volleyball. Specified agility-drill distances and times are essential for training optimization and must be supported by scientific observation. Researchers, coaches, and conditioning specialists should find this helpful for achieving a higher degree of training regulation.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- operantní podmiňování MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- volejbal * MeSH
- výbušné látky * MeSH
- zrychlení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cílem studie bylo porovnat provedení vertikálního výskoku z místa a z rozběhu u elitních basketbalistů. Sledovanou skupinou byli hráči basketbalu elitní úrovně (n=26, věk 25 ± 3,9 roku, výška 195 ± 9,3 cm, hmotnost 91,8 kg ± 13,3 kg). Sledované vertikální výskoky hráči prováděli ze statické pozice s pomocí horních končetin (countermovement jump free arms, CMJ-FA) a z dynamického dvou krokového rozběhu (countermovement jump step run up, CMJ-RU). Analýza pohybu hráčů byla realizována pomocí kinematické videoanalýzy, výška výskoku byla měřena optometrickým systémem OptoJump Next (MicroGate, Italy). Absolutní výška vertikálního výskoku byla kalkulována z doby letu a u výskoku ze statického postoje dosáhla CMJ-FA 48,91 ± 4,85 cm, a u výskoku s rozběhem CMJ-RU 54,65 ± 5,87 cm. Rozdíl mezi uvedenými průměrnými hodnotami dosažených výskoků byl 5,7 cm, což představuje 12%. Měření prokázalo předpoklad, že výška výskoku po rozběhu je u všech sledovaných hráčů vyšší než z klidu, ale dosažené výsledky rozdílu průměrné výšky 5,72±3,13 cm naznačují vysoké interindividuální rozdíly mezi jednotlivými hráči.
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of vertical jump from the standing static position and step run up jump of the elite basketball players. Observated was group of elite basketball players (n = 26, age 25 ± 3.9 years, height 195 ± 9.3 cm, weight 91.8 kg ± 13.3 kg). Vertical jumps were performed by players from the static position (countermovement jump, CMJ) and dynamic two-step approach (step run up, SRU). Motion analysis was performed using players kinematic video analysis, jump height was measured by optometric system OptoJump Next (MicroGate, Italy). Absolute vertical jump height was calculated from the flight time. Jump from a static position reached CMJ 47.81 ± 4.85 cm, and jump-SRU with 53.26 ± 5.87 cm. The difference between the average values achieved leaps was 5.7 cm, which represents 12%. Measurements showed the assumption, that the height of the SRU jump is higher for all players than the CMJ (from static position), but the results of the difference of the average height of 5.72 ± 3.13 cm indicating high inter-individual differences between players.
- Klíčová slova
- kinematická analýza, basketbal,
- MeSH
- audiovizuální záznam metody využití MeSH
- basketbal * fyziologie MeSH
- biomechanika * fyziologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kineze fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
