Pod záštitou Světové zdravotnické organizace (WHO) probíhá monitorování dětské obezity (COSI – Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), kterého se Česko účastní již od počátku (školního roku 2007/2008). Cílem tohoto projektu je sledování prevalence obezity a nadváhy u sedmi- a devítiletých dětí. V naší zemi se jedná o skupinu sedmiletých dětí. Data byla získána od 2349 dětí vyšetřených 72 praktickými lékaři pro děti a dorost z celé republiky. Během vyšetření byly měřeny antropometrické parametry a probíhalo dotazníkové šetření. Prevalence obezity a nadváhy se mezi roky 2008–2019 významně nelišila. V roce 2019 byl výzkum uskutečněn popáté a přinesl trend zvyšování četnosti obezity a mírné snížení prevalence nadváhy u obou pohlaví. Nadváhu mělo 6,09 % chlapců a 7,12 % dívek. Prevalence obezity byla 9,26 % u chlapců a 8,64 % u dívek (hodnoceno podle českých referenčních hodnot). Již od počátku výzkumu jsme zaznamenali relativně vysoké zastoupení těžké obezity (u chlapců 3,21 % a u dívek 0,8 %), které se mezi jednotlivými výzkumy statisticky významně nelišilo. I když prevalence nadměrné hmotnosti do roku 2019 razantně nestoupala, je důležité věnovat se preventivním a léčebným programům, které jsou nedílnou součástí prevence a časného záchytu obezity v dětské populaci.
World Health Organization (WHO) Europe organizes Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI), in which the Czech Republic participates since the beginning. The aim of this project is to monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity of 7-year-old children in the Czech Republic. Data were obtained from 2349 children examined by 72 pediatricians across the Czech Republic. Anthropometric parameters were measured and subjects filled questionnaire. The prevalence of obesity and overweight did not change significantly between 2008 and 2019. Although in the fifth round in 2019, the prevalence of obesity increased and the prevalence of overweight slightly decreased in both sexes. In 2019 6.09 % of boys and 7.12 % of girl had overweight. The prevalence of obesity in the fifth round was 9.26 % in boys and 8.64 % in girls (assessed according to the Czech reference values). Already in the first round we noticed a relatively high prevalence of severe obesity (3.21 % for boys and 0.8 % for girls), which did not differ significantly between rounds. Even if the prevalence of overweight has not significantly increased until 2019, preventive and treatment programs are very important, because it is an important part of the prevention and early detection of obesity in children.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha * epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Obvod pasu jako parametr abdominální obezity je základním kritériem metabolického syndromu a je spojen s řadou kardiometabolických poruch. Pod záštitou WHO Europe proběhlo již pět kol monitorování dětské obezity (COSI – Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), kterého se Česká republika účastní od počátku (2007/2008). Cílem tohoto projektu je sledování prevalence nadměrné tělesné hmotnosti, rizikového obvodu pasu a environmentálních faktorů, jež se podílejí na změnách tělesné hmotnosti u 6–9letých dětí. Dobrou výpovědní hodnotu o rozložení tukové tkáně v těle mají obvod pasu a poměr pasu k výšce (WHtR – waist to height ratio). V 5. kole v roce 2019 byl rizikový obvod pasu nalezen u 11,37 % chlapců a 12,37 % dívek, z nichž 17,29 % chlapců, resp. 7,19 % dívek mělo BMI mimo kategorii nadváha a obezita (BMI < 90. percentil, hodnoceno podle českých referenčních hodnot). Poměr pas/výška byl zvýšen u 11,11 % chlapců a u 13,61 % dívek, z toho 13,85 % chlapců a 20,92 % dívek s BMI < 90. percentil. Vzhledem k relativně vysokému zastoupení jedinců s tělesnou hmotností BMI < 90. percentil a s rizikovým obvodem pasu nebo WHtR by bylo k prevenci a časnému záchytu nadměrné tělesné hmotnosti vhodné zvážit měření obvodu pasu jako součást preventivních prohlídek u dětí.
Waist circumference, as a parameter of abdominal obesity, is a major criterion of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with a number of cardiometabolic diseases. WHO Europe organizes surveillance of childhood obesity (COSI = Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), in which the Czech Republic has been participating since the it´s start in years 2007/2008. The aim of this project is to monitor the prevalence of overweight, and obesity, risk waist circumference and environmental factors involved in body weight change. Waist circumference and waist to height ratio (WHtR) positively correlate with the amount of visceral adipose tissue. In the fifth round in 2019, risk waist circumference was found in 11.37 % of boys and 12.37 % of girls, of which 17.29 % of boys and 7.19 % of girls had BMI < 90.centil (assessed according to Czech reference values). Concurrently, 11.11 % of boys and 13.61 % of girls had increased WHtR, of which 13.85 % of boys and 20.92 % of girls had BMI < 90.percentil. Therefore, it is important to devote attention to preventive and treatment programs. Due to the relatively high prevalence of subjects with weight BMI < 90.percentil and with a risk waist circumference or risk WHtR the waist circumference measurement may be considered in clinical practice.
- MeSH
- abdominální obezita dietoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- obvod pasu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The most effective management tool for both obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is bariatric/metabolic surgery. Delayed postprandial plasma triglyceride clearance contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in patients with T2D. Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) was shown to be the most effective procedure in long-term T2D remission. However, the effect of BPD on postprandial metabolic profile has not been studied so far. In this pilot study, we therefore examined the changes in postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride in women with severe obesity and T2D before surgery and then two and ten years after BPD. The studied cohort included 7 women (mean age at baseline=49.3±8.2 years) with severe obesity (mean BMI= 45.7±2.9 kg/m?) and T2D. A standardized liquid mixed-meal test was carried out in all subjects and the mean postprandial levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride were analyzed by standard laboratory procedures. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons was used. Ten years after BPD not only a significant reduction of an average BMI (F=32.9, p<0.001) but also significant declines in mean postprandial plasma levels of glucose (F=155.3, p<0.001), insulin (F=69.8, p<0.001), and triglyceride (F=139.9, p<0.001) were demonstrated. The observed changes in postprandial metabolic profile may contribute to improved cardiometabolic health after bariatric surgery.
- MeSH
- bariatrická chirurgie * metody MeSH
- biliopankreatická diverze * metody MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * chirurgie MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- inzulin MeSH
- krevní glukóza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidní obezita * komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- obezita chirurgie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The long-term effects of bariatric surgery on postprandial profiles in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this study examined postprandial profiles before laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP), and then at 2 and 10 years after surgery.The studied cohort included 10 women (mean age= 54.4±5 years) with obesity (mean BMI= 42.5±7.8 kg/m?) and T2D who underwent LGCP. All subjects underwent a standardized liquid mixed-meal test. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison was used. Mean postprandial levels were significantly decreased 2 years after surgery. Responses 10 years after the surgery also remained significantly lower than before surgery. Changes observed during the follow-up were significant: glucose: F=34.5, p<0.001; insulin: F=49.3, p<0.001; triglycerides F=9.2, p<0.001. The long-term favorable effects of bariatric surgery on cardiometabolic health may be partly mediated by reductions in postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels.
- MeSH
- bariatrická chirurgie * MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * chirurgie MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- inzulin * krev MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- laparoskopie * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidní obezita * komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- postprandiální období MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The fatty acid composition is associated with obesity. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of many disorders, including cardiometabolic diseases. A cohort of 84 men and 131 women were examined in adolescence and after 8 years. Body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) were measured. The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of serum phospholipids was assessed using gas chromatography. Statistics: PLS method. Aim: to determine the relationships between FAs in adolescence and FM (explanatory variable 1, EV1) and BW (explanatory variable 2, EV2) in adulthood. In the predictive models, a cluster of FAs in boys explained 47.2 % of EV1 and a cluster of 6 FAs in girls explained 32.3 % of EV1 measured in adulthood. FAs measured in adolescents explained 23.7 % of EV2 in early adults regardless of gender. A significant negative association was found between 18:1n-9c and EV1 in males and EV2 in both genders. We found a significant negative association between 18:2n-6 and 20:0 and both EV1 and EV2. In all analyses, we found a significant negative association of 20:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 with EV1-2 in both genders. A significant positive association was found in 20:3n-6 with EV1 and EV2 in males. 20:4n-6 was positively associated with EV1 in females and EV2 in both genders. A positive association between FM and very long chain n- 6 PUFAs was also observed. It is concluded that serum MUFAs and essential PUFAs in adolescence are associated with lower BW and FM in adulthood.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fosfolipidy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
- omega-3 mastné kyseliny * MeSH
- složení těla MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence many physiological functions. Associations have been found between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FADS1 (Fatty acid desaturase 1) gene and the relative abundance of PUFA in serum lipids. This study examines the relationship between two SNPs in the FADS1 gene (rs174546, rs174537) and the fatty acid (FA) composition of serum lipids in adolescents (13-18 years). We used DNA samples (670 children; 336 girls and 334 boys) from the Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Treatment (COPAT) project. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes in whole blood samples. For genotype analysis, TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) were used. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids was assessed using gas chromatography. The T-statistic and regression were used for statistical evaluations. Minor allele T carriers in both SNPs had significant lower level of palmitic acid (16:0, phospholipids) and arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6], phospholipids) in both sexes. In girls, we found a significant positive association between minor allele T carriers and eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6], cholesteryl esters) in both SNPs. Being a minor allele T carrier was significantly positively associated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3[n-6], phospholipids) in boys in both SNPs. SNPs (including rs174546, rs174537) in the FADS gene cluster should have impacted desaturase activity, which may contribute to different efficiency of PUFA synthesis.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- delta-5-desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
- desaturasy mastných kyselin genetika MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
