Obvod pasu jako parametr abdominální obezity je základním kritériem metabolického syndromu a je spojen s řadou kardiometabolických poruch. Pod záštitou WHO Europe proběhlo již pět kol monitorování dětské obezity (COSI – Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), kterého se Česká republika účastní od počátku (2007/2008). Cílem tohoto projektu je sledování prevalence nadměrné tělesné hmotnosti, rizikového obvodu pasu a environmentálních faktorů, jež se podílejí na změnách tělesné hmotnosti u 6–9letých dětí. Dobrou výpovědní hodnotu o rozložení tukové tkáně v těle mají obvod pasu a poměr pasu k výšce (WHtR – waist to height ratio). V 5. kole v roce 2019 byl rizikový obvod pasu nalezen u 11,37 % chlapců a 12,37 % dívek, z nichž 17,29 % chlapců, resp. 7,19 % dívek mělo BMI mimo kategorii nadváha a obezita (BMI < 90. percentil, hodnoceno podle českých referenčních hodnot). Poměr pas/výška byl zvýšen u 11,11 % chlapců a u 13,61 % dívek, z toho 13,85 % chlapců a 20,92 % dívek s BMI < 90. percentil. Vzhledem k relativně vysokému zastoupení jedinců s tělesnou hmotností BMI < 90. percentil a s rizikovým obvodem pasu nebo WHtR by bylo k prevenci a časnému záchytu nadměrné tělesné hmotnosti vhodné zvážit měření obvodu pasu jako součást preventivních prohlídek u dětí.

Waist circumference, as a parameter of abdominal obesity, is a major criterion of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with a number of cardiometabolic diseases. WHO Europe organizes surveillance of childhood obesity (COSI = Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), in which the Czech Republic has been participating since the it´s start in years 2007/2008. The aim of this project is to monitor the prevalence of overweight, and obesity, risk waist circumference and environmental factors involved in body weight change. Waist circumference and waist to height ratio (WHtR) positively correlate with the amount of visceral adipose tissue. In the fifth round in 2019, risk waist circumference was found in 11.37 % of boys and 12.37 % of girls, of which 17.29 % of boys and 7.19 % of girls had BMI < 90.centil (assessed according to Czech reference values). Concurrently, 11.11 % of boys and 13.61 % of girls had increased WHtR, of which 13.85 % of boys and 20.92 % of girls had BMI < 90.percentil. Therefore, it is important to devote attention to preventive and treatment programs. Due to the relatively high prevalence of subjects with weight BMI < 90.percentil and with a risk waist circumference or risk WHtR the waist circumference measurement may be considered in clinical practice.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epidemiologické studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Childhood obesity is a serious global health problem. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) reflect body fat distribution in children. The objectives of this study were to assess WC and WHtR in 7-year-old children and to determine body mass index (BMI), WC, and WHtR differences in children from 10 selected countries across Europe (Bulgaria, Czechia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Norway, Spain, and Sweden) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). The 50th and 90th percentile of WC (according to COSI and "Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS" (IDEFICS) cutoff values) and WHtR above 0.5 were used as measures of abdominal obesity in a unique sample of 38,975 children aged 7.00-7.99 years. Southern European countries, including Greece and Spain, showed significantly higher BMI, WC, and WHtRin both genders (p < 0.0001) than Eastern and Northern Europe. The highest values for WC were observed in Greece (60.8 ± 7.36 cm boys; 60.3 ± 7.48 cm girls), North Macedonia (60.4 ± 7.91 cm boys; 59.0 ± 8.01 cm girls), and Spain (59.7 ± 6.96 cm boys; 58.9 ± 6.77 cm girls). WC and WHtRin may add an information about the occurrence of central obesity in children.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• poměr pas/výška MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• tělesná výška MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Obezita nie je už problémom len dospelých, ale aj detí. V súčasnosti detská obezita predstavuje celosvetový problém. Väčšina obéznych detí zostáva obéznymi aj v dospelosti. Neustály nárast nadhmotnosti a obezity u detí vyvoláva obavy z možných následkov tohto trendu na zdravotný stav populácie. WHO označila obezitu za najväčší zdravotný problém na celom svete a varuje pred globálnou epidémiou. Jedným z ukazovateľov negatívneho ovplyvnenia zdravotného stavu obezitou je výskyt metabolického syndrómu. Metabolický syndróm zahŕňa skupinu faktorov, ktorých prítomnosť zvyšuje pravdepodobnosť vzniku ochorení kardiovaskulárneho systému v danej populácii (tzv. kardiovaskulárne riziko). Tieto rizikové faktory sú jednak spojené s výskytom kardiovaskulárnych ochorení ako aj s výskytom diabetes 2. typu. Vo viscerálnych adipocytoch dôjde k nadmernému nahromadeniu tuku, v dôsledku toho je narušená ich funkčnosť a to je podstatou metabolického syndrómu. Metabolický syndróm sa u detí a adolescentov spája s nezdravým životným štýlom, nedostatočnou fyzickou aktivitou a nadmerným energetickým príjmom. Z toho vyplýva, že najoptimálnejšim riešením daného stavu je zamerať sa na úpravu životného štýlu, motivovať deti ku zvýšeniu fyzickej aktivity a úprave stravovacích návykov s cieľom znížiť energetický príjem a celkovo zlepšiť kvalitu výživy. Takto je možné znížiť výskyt obezity, ako aj s ňou spojeného metabolického syndrómu a následných zdravotných komplikácií. Práca ako súborný referát poukazuje na epidemiológiu, diagnostické kritériá a mechanizmus vzniku metabolického syndrómu. Taktiež poukazuje na rizikové faktory životného štýlu, akými sú najmä fyzická aktivita, stravovanie a ich vzájomná kombinácia.

Obesity is not a problem restricted to the adult population anymore, it does equally affect among childe and adolescents. Nowadays child obesity is a global problem in developed countries. Persistent increase in overweight and obesity in children has raised concern about the related negative impact of this trend on the general health of the population. One of the markers of this impact is the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome includes a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, indicating increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by dysfunction of visceral adipocytes caused by excessive intracellular accumulation of lipids. Metabolic syndrome is in children and adolescents linked to an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of or inadequate physical activity and excess of calories in the diet. It is obvious that an optimal solution would be to address the lifestyle, motivate to increase physical activity and of exercise programs in children and to improve the quality of the diet particularly by reducing excessive caloric intake. This way it would be possible to reduce the incidence of obesity, obesity linked metabolic syndrome and its negative health impact and related health complications. In this paper as a literature overview, are discussed epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and the pathological mechanism of the development of the metabolic syndrome. This work highlights also lifestyle risk factors, such as the level and the type of physical activity (or lack of it) and type of diet and the combination of the two.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita diagnóza   epidemiologie   etiologie   klasifikace   komplikace   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• mladiství MeSH

AIMS: The aim of this study is to establish the prevalence of diabetes (DM) and prediabetes in the Czech population aged 25-64 years and to evaluate the relationships with various cardiometabolic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS: This was an epidemiological study with a stratified, crosssectional, random sampling design. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anamnestic data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, medical examination, and biochemical assays. RESULTS: Among the 1189 participants, 114 were diagnosed with DM (9.6%), 330 with prediabetes (27.8%) and 745 were non-diabetes/non-prediabetes individuals (62.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight, general and abdominal obesity, hypertension, and lower level of HDL (increased risk) significantly increased the risk of both prediabetes and DM, while living in the cities diminished risk of DM. Among lifestyle variables the significant increased risk of prediabetes and DM was found for smokers and ex-smokers. In other lifestyle variables (marijuana lifetime prevalence, physical activity and frequency of alcohol drinking) the significantly higher or lower risk for prediabetes or DM was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows a high prevalence of DM and prediabetes in the Czech population of age between 25 and 64, providing data on their association with several risk factors.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• diabetes mellitus epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   MeSH
• prediabetes epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25⁻65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• chování snižující riziko MeSH
• dieta - přehledy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• metabolický syndrom diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• poruchy metabolismu glukózy epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Central obesity represents an increased risk to develop cardiovascular diseases. Guidelines of international societies suggest estimating central obesity by measuring waist circumference (WC). Robust statistical data in literature provide evidence on the superiority of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) over WC and body mass index (BMI) for detecting cardiometabolic risk in both genders. Based on measurements of weight, height and waist circumference we compared the prevalence of central obesity using both the above mentioned criteria in the apparently healthy Slovak adults, and compared the prevalence of central obesity to that of general obesity (BMI). METHODS: Data collected from 5,184 individuals (45% males) aged ≥18 years in four cross-sectional studies carried out between the years 2009-2012 were subjected to secondary analysis. RESULTS: Waist circumference underestimated central obesity in males and overestimated in females: 37.3% of males and 41.8% of females presented central obesity according to WC, 54.2% males and 34.9% females according to WHtR. 17.3% of males centrally obese according to WC present WHtR < 0.5; while 7.8% of females centrally obese according to their WHtR do not display increased WC. The frequency of central obesity increased with age. According to BMI, the prevalence of overweight was 39% in males and 22% in females; that of obesity was 17% and 15%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of central obesity estimated using WC vs. WHtR differs significantly in Slovak adults. WHtR is considered superior for detection of the risk of future development of cardiovascular afflictions. Thus, further studies addressing the gender-associated discordance of central obesity measures are required to determine whether our results are consistent across geographical regions and ethnic groups.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• poměr pas/výška MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita epidemiologie   komplikace   mortalita   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * epidemiologie   komplikace   mortalita   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci komplikace   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• liraglutid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• nádory komplikace   mortalita   MeSH
• nadváha epidemiologie   komplikace   mortalita   MeSH
• obezita * komplikace   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• paradox obezity MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• transportér 2 pro sodík a glukózu terapeutické užití   MeSH
• změny tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity devoid of metabolic abnormalities is known as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). The aim of the study was to examine determinants of MHO during adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: From among 710 obese adolescents, 43 girls and 57 boys were classified as metabolically unhealthy (abdominal obesity and ≥2 risk components of metabolic syndrome). MHO (absence of any cardiometabolic risk factor) was found in 211 girls and 131 boys (regardless of waist circumference) and in 33 girls and 27 boys (without abdominal obesity). Laboratory and anthropometric parameters, dietary records and various lifestyle factors were compared between MHO vs. those unhealthy. The prevalence of MHO regardless of waist circumference was higher in girls than in boys (53.1 vs. 41.9%) but comparable when abdominal obesity was excluded (8.3 vs. 8.6%). Anthropometric variables, levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both genders, hs-C-reactive protein in girls and alanine aminotransferase in boys differentiated the two metabolic phenotypes. Uric acid was related to metabolic health only in the analysis of MHO without abdominal obesity. Total hours of sleep, bedtime, time of the last daily meal, regular meal consumption and protein intake in boys and screen time, the score of disinhibition and diet composition in girls were found to impact cardiometabolic health. CONCLUSIONS: In obese adolescents, metabolic health was related to anthropometric and biochemical parameters and only weak associations were found with most of the lifestyle factors studied. Uric acid concentration associated with metabolic health when abdominal obesity was excluded.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• alanintransaminasa krev   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• dieta * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa krev   MeSH
• jídla MeSH
• kyselina močová krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• metabolicky zdravá obezita krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome is a combination of clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease as well as for diabetes. Metabolic syndrome arises from insulin resistance accompanied with abnormal adipose deposition. The aim of our cross-sectional time trends study was to characterize the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its five risk determinants among the clients of Health Advice Centres of Regional Public Health Authorities in Slovakia. The study was stratified by gender and age groups during the 10 year period from 2003–2012. METHODS: Prevalence data were estimated in adults and children (≥10 years, N=79,904) from the nationwide electronic database of Health Advice Centres of Regional Public Health Authorities in Slovak Republic "Test of healthy heart" from 2003 to 2012. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.2% in males and 26.6% in females, abdominal obesity was confirmed in 48.3% of males and 53.9% of females. Increased triglyceride level has higher prevalence among males (33.3%) compared to females (24.2%). Blood pressure (BP) values and fasting glucose values were significantly higher in males (58.2%) than females (41.9%). During the 10 year period from 2003 to 2012, we confirmed an increased trend in the age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Abdominal obesity and elevated triglycerides had also increased time trends prevalence in both sexes. The prevalence of people without risk determinants of metabolic syndrome had a time decreasing trend. A surprising finding is a decrease in the proportion of persons with suboptimal HDL-cholesterol. The proportion of people with elevated BP and glucose showed little change during the reporting period. CONCLUSION: The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and elevated triglycerides highlights the urgency of addressing these health problems as a healthcare priority to reduce cardiovascular mortality in the Slovak Republic.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

AIM: According to the World Health Organization, central obesity is increasing alarmingly worldwide. Neck circumference is a relatively new method of differentiating between normal and abnormal fat distribution. The aim of this study is to determine the association between neck circumference and central obesity in young Turkish male and female university students. METHODS: A community of university students based cross-sectional study was conducted on 319 males and 838 females and investigated the association between neck circumference and other anthropometric variables by gender. RESULTS: In male subjects, the neck circumference revealed a positive correlation with the body mass index (r=0.684, p<0.01), waist circumference (r=0.686, p<0.01) and waist/hip ratio (r=0.534, p<0.01). Similarly, in female subjects neck circumference revealed a positive correlation with the body mass index (r=0.482, p<0.01), waist circumference (r=0.479, p<0.01) and waist/hip ratio (r=0.246, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our study has demonstrated that the positive correlation between neck circumference, which is a simple and fast anthropometric measurement, and visceral obesity, is also applicable to university students.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• krk anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• poměr pasu a boků MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH