City planning policies influence urban lifestyles, health, and sustainability. We assessed policy frameworks for city planning for 25 cities across 19 lower-middle-income countries, upper-middle-income countries, and high-income countries to identify whether these policies supported the creation of healthy and sustainable cities. We systematically collected policy data for evidence-informed indicators related to integrated city planning, air pollution, destination accessibility, distribution of employment, demand management, design, density, distance to public transport, and transport infrastructure investment. Content analysis identified strengths, limitations, and gaps in policies, allowing us to draw comparisons between cities. We found that despite common policy rhetoric endorsing healthy and sustainable cities, there was a paucity of measurable policy targets in place to achieve these aspirations. Some policies were inconsistent with public health evidence, which sets up barriers to achieving healthy and sustainable urban environments. There is an urgent need to build capacity for health-enhancing city planning policy and governance, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.

• MeSH
• doprava MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plánování měst * MeSH
• zdraví ve městech * MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short term associations between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries/regions worldwide, using a uniform analytical protocol. DESIGN: Two stage, time series approach, with overdispersed generalised linear models and multilevel meta-analysis. SETTING: 398 cities in 22 low to high income countries/regions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily deaths from total (62.8 million), cardiovascular (19.7 million), and respiratory (5.5 million) causes between 1973 and 2018. RESULTS: On average, a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration on lag 1 day (previous day) was associated with 0.46% (95% confidence interval 0.36% to 0.57%), 0.37% (0.22% to 0.51%), and 0.47% (0.21% to 0.72%) increases in total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. These associations remained robust after adjusting for co-pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm or ≤2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively), ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide). The pooled concentration-response curves for all three causes were almost linear without discernible thresholds. The proportion of deaths attributable to NO2 concentration above the counterfactual zero level was 1.23% (95% confidence interval 0.96% to 1.51%) across the 398 cities. CONCLUSIONS: This multilocation study provides key evidence on the independent and linear associations between short term exposure to NO2 and increased risk of total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, suggesting that health benefits would be achieved by tightening the guidelines and regulatory limits of NO2.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci chemicky indukované   mortalita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy chemicky indukované   mortalita   MeSH
• oxid dusičitý toxicita   MeSH
• rozvojové země statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vyspělé země statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zdraví ve městech statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate differences in the stage at presentation and cancer-specific mortality (CSM) between rural area (RA) and urban area (UA) residence status in nonmetastatic upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients. METHODS: Newly diagnosed T1-3N0M0 UTUC patients with available residence status were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2016). Propensity score (PS) matching (1 RA vs. 3 UA) accounted for age (interval ≤2 years), T stage (exact matching: T1, T2, and T3), and tumor grade (exact matching: high grade, low grade/unknown). Cumulative incidence plots and multivariable competing risk regression models focused on CSM, after adjustment for other-cause mortality. RESULTS: Of 6,012 patients, 125 (2.1%) resided in RAs and 5,887 (97.9%) in UAs. RA patients were younger than UA patients (median age 72 vs. 75 years, p = 0.03). No differences were recorded in tumor location, T stage, tumor grade, or surgical treatment between RA and UA patients. After 1:3 PS matching, 125 RA patients and 375 UA patients were assessable. At 5 years of follow-up, CSM rates were 26.7 versus 15.7% according to RA versus UA, respectively. After additional multivariable adjustment for age, sex, tumor location, and surgical treatment, RA remained an independent predictor of higher CSM (hazard ratio 1.75, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Despite no differences in cancer characteristics, UTUC patients in RA are at higher risk of CSM than their UA counterparts. This suggests suboptimal care delivery and compliance as possible causes. Complex and/or rare disease should be centralized to expert centers, which are often in UAs.

• MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• ledvinná pánvička * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• nádory močovodu mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• zdraví venkovských oblastí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování snižující riziko * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• zdraví ve městech * MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• zdravý životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Publikace se zabývá zdravotním stavem obyvatelstva v Ústeckém kraji v souvislosti se znečištěním životního prostředí. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• Klíčová slova
• Ústecký kraj (Česko),
• MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• programy národního zdraví MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• letáky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• informační publikace

OBJECTIVE: To analyse socioeconomic inequalities in all-cause mortality among men and women in nine European urban areas during the recent economic crisis, and to compare the results to those from two periods before the crisis. METHOD: This is an ecological study of trends based on three time periods (2000-2003, 2004-2008 and 2009-2014). The units of analysis were the small areas of nine European urban areas. We used a composite deprivation index as a socioeconomic indicator, along with other single indicators. As a mortality indicator, we used the smoothed standardized mortality ratio, calculated using the hierarchical Bayesian model proposed by Besag, York and Mollié. To analyse the evolution of socioeconomic inequalities, we fitted an ecological regression model that included the socioeconomic indicator, the period of time, and the interaction between these terms. RESULTS: We observed significant inequalities in mortality among men for almost all the socioeconomic indicators, periods, and urban areas studied. However, no significant changes occurred during the period of the economic crisis. While inequalities among women were less common, there was a statistically significant increase in inequality during the crisis period in terms of unemployment and the deprivation index in Prague and Stockholm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Future analyses should also consider time-lag in the effect of crises on mortality and specific causes of death, and differential effects between genders.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu * MeSH
• ekonomická recese * MeSH
• genderová identita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• nezaměstnanost MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• zaměstnanost MeSH
• zdraví ve městech ekonomika   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• zdraví ve městech normy   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• výročí a významné události * MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta MeSH

Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in Eastern and Central Europe, where the incidence is the highest in the world. The Kardiovize Brno 2030 study was designed as a prospective cohort study to investigate the complex relationships of cardiovascular disease and outcomes with a range of biological, psychosocial, environmental, behavioral, and economic factors in an urban population of the Czech Republic. Methods We randomly selected a 1% sample of the city of Brno residents aged 25-64 years stratified by sex and age. The study assessed traditional and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors, including sociodemographic and smoking status, physical activity, diet, depression, stress, body fat, cardio-ankle vascular index, and intima media thickness, complemented by blood tests; biological samples were stored for future analyses. Results The study enrolled 2160 participants (54.8% women), with a mean age of 47 ± 11.3 years. They were mostly full-time employed (75.6%) and married (62.1%). Hyperlipidemia was highly prevalent (70.7% in men, and 67.1% in women, NS). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in men than in women (54.3% vs. 38.7% and 7.1% vs. 3.5%, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). A total of 25.3% of men and 21.9% of women smoked, whereas 20.0% and 43.0% of men and 18.1% and 26.6% of women were obese and overweight, respectively. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in the city of Brno, an urban population from Central Europe. The Kardiovize Brno 2030 study will provide unique multidimensional and longitudinal cardiovascular health data from a region where epidemiological studies are scarce.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• zdraví ve městech * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25⁻65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

• MeSH
• abdominální obezita epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• chování snižující riziko MeSH
• dieta - přehledy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• metabolický syndrom diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• poruchy metabolismu glukózy epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH