OBJECTIVES: Trace concentrations of the platinum group elements (PGE; Pt, Pd and Rh) are nowadays an irreplaceable part of environmental analysis and assessment. These rare elements are used as effective substances in automotive catalysts to reduce pollution by emissions originating from fuel combustion. Due to their harmful potential, it is necessary to monitor their content and behaviour in different samples. Effect assessment using ecotoxicological bioassays with organisms at different trophic levels can provide valuable pieces of information on the risk of chemical substances in the ecosystem. DESIGN: The experiments were carried out as described in the OECD Guideline 232 [CSN ISO 11267 - Soil quality - Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants]. The reproductive effects of palladium (PdCl2) and rhodium (RhCl3) were examined. Concentrations of PGE tested were as follows: 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µmol.L-1. The EC50 (medium effective concentration) was determined after 28 days of exposure. Inhibition of reproduction of PGE-exposed collembolans was compared against controls. RESULTS: Values of 28dEC50 of PdCl2 and RhCl3 amounted to 21.0 µmol.L-1 and 266.22 µmol.L-1, respectively. We can confirm that the relative order of toxicities is Pd (II) > Pt(IV) > Rh(III). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use Folsomia candida as an indicator species to assess the risk of soil contamination by palladium and rhodium. However, more toxicity data for various species are needed to evaluate the environmental risks of PGEs in soils.
- MeSH
- členovci účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza toxicita MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- palladium toxicita MeSH
- platina analýza toxicita MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rhodium toxicita MeSH
- rozmnožování účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Regarding the environmental pollution, platinum group elements (PGE) are in the centre of interest of current research. These rare elements are used as effective substances in automotive catalysts to reduce pollution by emissions originating from fuel combustion. Due to their harmful potential, it is necessary to monitor their content and behaviour in different samples. Comprehensive studies on PGE behaviour and effects are still lacking. Their distribution in the food chain and data on bioaccumulation has not been described so far. METHODS: We focused on reproductive effects of platinum (PtCl4), in particular. Our study is based on a collembolan laboratory breed, test optimalization and validation according to the OECD 232 standards [CSN ISO 11267 - Soil quality - Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants]. The concentrations of PtCl4 tested were as follows: 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM. The EC50 was determined after 28 days of testing. RESULTS: The results were evaluated using the inhibition of reproduction compared with controls. The EC50 was determined after the 28-day test. The value of 28dEC50 of the boric acid test was estimated at 120 mg/kg and the measured 28dEC50 of PtCl4 was 200.4 µM. CONCLUSION: The presented data can be considered as a step forward in the assessment of the potential risk of platinum in the terrestrial environment. However, more toxicity data for various species are needed to evaluate the environmental risk of platinum in soils.
- MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- členovci účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu toxicita MeSH
- platina toxicita MeSH
- rozmnožování účinky léků MeSH
- sloučeniny platiny toxicita MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
