This paper investigates the association between expression of CD14 and occurrence of apoptosis in blood, resident ((RES)PMN) and inflammatory ((INF)PMN) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from heifer mammary glands. The fresh population of (RES)PMN contained a statistically significant higher proportion of CD14+, apoptotic and necrotic cells than did populations of (INF)PMN and blood PMN. In vitro cultivation of (RES)PMN, (INF)PMN and blood PMN led to concurrent increase of apoptotic, necrotic and CD14+ cells. A positive correlation was found between the proportions of both apoptotic and necrotic PMN and CD14+ PMN as determined by three-color flow cytometry analysis. Our study confirmed that expression of CD14 in blood PMN, (RES)PMN and (INF)PMN from heifer mammary glands was accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis.
- MeSH
- buněčná smrt fyziologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lipopolysacharidové receptory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese fyziologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Macrophages may play a prominent role in defense of the bovine mammary gland, and their functionality is necessary for successful eradication of bacterial pathogens. In contrast to necrosis, however, apoptosis has not yet been studied in macrophages from bovine mammary glands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm the occurrence of apoptosis in macrophages from resting heifer mammary glands and during the inflammatory response. METHODS: Inflammatory response was induced by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Resident macrophages (RESMAC) were obtained before and inflammatory macrophages (INFMAC) 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after inducing inflammatory response in mammary glands of unbred heifers. Cell samples were analyzed for differential counts, apoptosis and necrosis using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Populations of RESMAC and INFMAC contained monocyte-like cells and vacuolized cells. Apoptosis was detected differentially in both morphologically different types of RESMAC and INFMAC and also during initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response. In the RESMAC population, approximately one-tenth of monocyte-like cells and one-third of vacuolized cells were apoptotic. In the INFMAC population obtained 24 h after PBS treatment, approximately one-tenth of monocyte-like cells and almost one-quarter of vacuolized cells were apoptotic. At the same time following LPS, however, we observed a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic cells in the population of monocyte-like INFMAC and vacuolized INFMAC. Moreover, a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in INFMAC was detected during all time points after PBS in contrast to LPS. Comparing RESMAC and INFMAC, we observed that vacuolized cells from populations of RESMAC and INFMAC underwent apoptosis more intensively than did monocyte-like cells. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that apoptosis of virgin mammary gland macrophages is involved in regulating their lifespan, and it is involved in the resolution process of the inflammatory response.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lipopolysacharidové receptory metabolismus MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy farmakologie MeSH
- makrofágy cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat cytologie účinky léků patologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- skot MeSH
- viabilita buněk fyziologie MeSH
- zánět chemicky indukované MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vyd. 1. 106 s. : il., tab. ; 30 cm
Cílem skripta je podat základní informace zejména o struktuře a ultrastruktuře živočišných buněk s přihlédnutím k jejich funkci.
- Konspekt
- Buněčná biologie. Cytologie
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- cytologie, klinická cytologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
This work characterizes macrophage morphological features during initiation and resolution of an inflammatory response by the bovine mammary gland. The study has been carried out in 20 mammary glands of five virgin heifers by using light microscopy of natural and stained cells and by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The inflammatory reaction was induced by an intramammary administration of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It has been found that both the initial as well as the resolution phases of the inflammatory reaction are characteristic of the presence of various morphologically different macrophage forms. During the initial phase of the inflammatory response, the major proportion of the macrophage population consisted of monocyte-like macrophages, which represented newly migrated cells. These macrophages were 12-15 mum in size, with spherical or ovoidal shapes, and contained homogenous, fine-granular cytoplasm rich in Golgi complexes, numerous mitochondria, and no lysosomes. The nuclei of the macrophages were kidney-shaped, and surrounded by dark chromatin along the peripheries. Macrophages with phagocytosed apoptotic neutrophils in the cytoplasm were detected already during the initial phase. These macrophages reached the highest proportion 48-72 h after the influx induction and participated in the resolution of the inflammatory reaction. Other cells, also detected during the resolution of the inflammatory reaction, were vacuolized macrophages that formed the largest cells in the lavages of the mammary glands and that were structurally characteristic for the presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. In TEM the macrophage vacuoles formed both phagolysosomes with residues of pre-digested material of phagocytosed apoptotic neutrophils and vacuoles that were less electon-dense. Morphologically different forms of macrophages reflected their real-time functions in the inflammation process.
- MeSH
- fagocyty ultrastruktura MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- makrofágy ultrastruktura MeSH
- mikroskopie veterinární MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat imunologie patologie MeSH
- nemoci skotu patologie MeSH
- neutrofily ultrastruktura MeSH
- skot MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie veterinární MeSH
- zánět patologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- apoptóza genetika MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat cytologie MeSH
- neutrofily MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- skot imunologie krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot imunologie krev MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
