We present two cases from the neonatal department with cerebrospinal fluid examination. We revealed a striking discrepancy in polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) cell counts using conventional light microscopy in comparison with automated analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 (PMNs - 13 vs. 173x106/L, MNs - 200 vs. 67x106/L in case 1 and PMNs - 13 vs. 372x106/L, MNs - 411 vs. 179x106/L in case 2). We revealed the dominant presence of hemosiderophages in both cases in cytospin slide. Even though Sysmex XN-1000 offers fast examination with a low sample volume, there is possibility of misdiagnosis, with negative impact on the patient.
- MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární patologie cytologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie * metody MeSH
- mozkomíšní mok cytologie MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie patologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: While circulating nucleosome levels are high in obese mouse models, it is unknown where these nucleosomes originate from and whether they are a marker of cardio-metabolic health in humans. Here, we aimed to determine whether an association exists between circulating nucleosomes and the risk of developing obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or a dysfunctional cardiovascular performance. METHODS: We randomly selected 120 participants of the Kardiovize Brno 2030 study across three BMI strata: BMI 18-25, 25-30, and > 30. We assessed the association between circulating nucleosome levels and the risk of obesity, MetS, and poor cardiovascular health. We then cultured human neutrophils, adipocytes, and hepatoma cells to study nucleosome origins in a fat-rich environment. RESULTS: Circulating nucleosome levels positively correlated with BMI (R = 0.602, p < 0.05), fatty liver index (R = 0.622, p < 0.05), left ventricular mass (R = 0.457, p < 0.05), and associated with MetS (p < 0.001) and poor cardiovascular health (p < 0.001). Incubating neutrophils with 1-10 μM free fatty acids triggered nucleosome production without concomitant cell death. Nucleosomes were not produced during pre-adipocyte differentiation or upon incubation of hepatic cells with palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils are a bona fide source of circulating nucleosomes in an obesogenic environment and in overweight/obese patients. High nucleosome levels are associated with MetS and cardiovascular performance, and might represent novel candidate biomarkers for cardio-metabolic health.
- MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom krev komplikace MeSH
- nadváha krev komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- nukleozomy metabolismus MeSH
- obezita krev komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tukové buňky cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Biodosimetry is focused on effects of ionizing radiation at cellular and molecular levels of living organisms so that a qualified retrospective estimate of radiation load can be made. Two biodosimetry methods were evaluated in irradiated piglets: complete blood count analysis and quantification of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes using a micronucleus test. Animals were whole-body irradiated with gamma radiation at doses of 0-10 Gy. The analysis of complete blood count was performed at intervals ranging from 0 to 48 hours. Micronuclei were measured at 4 hours after irradiation. Changes in lymphocyte counts and increased levels of micronuclei reflected received dose of ionizing radiation.
- MeSH
- celotělové ozáření * MeSH
- chromozomální aberace účinky záření MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- ionizující záření MeSH
- krevní obraz MeSH
- lymfocyty účinky záření MeSH
- mikrojaderné testy * MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- radiometrie metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
- záření gama MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of calprotectin and calgranulin C and routine biomarkers in patients with bacterial sepsis (BS). The initial serum concentrations of calprotectin and calgranulin C were significantly higher in patients with BS (n = 66) than in those with viral infections (n = 24) and the healthy controls (n = 26); the level of calprotectin was found to be the best predictor of BS, followed by the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) and the level of procalcitonin (PCT). The white blood cell (WBC) count and the NLCR rapidly returned to normal levels, whereas PCT levels normalized later and the increased levels of calprotectin, calgranulin C, and C-reactive protein persisted until the end of follow-up. Our results suggest that the serum levels of calprotectin are a reliable biomarker of BS and that the WBC count and the NLCR are rapid predictors of the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy.
- MeSH
- bakteriální infekce krev diagnóza MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- protein S100A12 krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- sepse krev diagnóza MeSH
- virové nemoci krev diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The purpose of the present study was to investigate neutrophil and monocyte cell population data as novel markers of low cobalamin/folate concentrations and influence of renal function on their usefulness. The study included 284 patients older than 60 years or with dyspepsia symptoms with mean corpuscular volume 80–100 fL and C-reactive protein ≤ 50 mg/l. Subjects were divided according to renal function and further classified based on cobalamin and folate levels. Neutrophil and monocyte volume (NeV, MoV), conductivity (NeC, MoC), light scatter (NeS, MoS) and standard deviations (NeV-SD, MoV-SD, NeC-SD, MoC-SD, NeS-SD, MoS-SD), obtained by Coulter LH750® Hematology Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, USA), were evaluated along with white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell distribution width and homocysteine relative to renal function and cobalamin/folate status. Neutrophil conductivity standard deviation (NeC-SD) had the largest magnitude of the difference between patients with low and normal vitamin levels, was the strongest predictor of low cobalamin/folate concentrations and had the largest area under the curve in detection of vitamin deficiency. Patients with different renal function status and the same cobalamin/folate status did not differ in NeC-SD. In this selected group of patients, NeC-SD was marker of low cobalamin and folate levels regardless of the renal function.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- dyspepsie MeSH
- krevní obraz MeSH
- kyselina listová krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monocyty cytologie MeSH
- nedostatek kyseliny listové * krev MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- renální insuficience * krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vitamin B 12 * krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Bordetellae, pathogenic to mammals, produce an immunomodulatory adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT or AC-Hly) that enables them to overcome the innate immune defense of the host. CyaA subverts host phagocytic cells by an orchestrated action of its functional domains, where an extremely catalytically active adenylyl cyclase enzyme is delivered into phagocyte cytosol by a pore-forming repeat-in-toxin (RTX) cytolysin moiety. By targeting sentinel cells expressing the complement receptor 3, known as the CD11b/CD18 (αMβ₂) integrin, CyaA compromises the bactericidal functions of host phagocytes and supports infection of host airways by Bordetellae. Here, we review the state of knowledge on structural and functional aspects of CyaA toxin action, placing particular emphasis on signaling mechanisms by which the toxin-produced 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) subverts the physiology of phagocytic cells.
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasový toxin chemie MeSH
- alveolární makrofágy cytologie MeSH
- AMP cyklický chemie MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis MeSH
- dendritické buňky cytologie MeSH
- fagocyty chemie MeSH
- kinasa Syk MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágový antigen 1 MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie MeSH
- proteinové domény MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is light emitted spontaneously by biological systems without the use of specific luminescent complexes. UPE is emitted in the near-UV/UV-Vis/near-IR spectra during oxidative metabolic reactions; however, the specific pathways involved in UPE remain poorly understood. Here, we used HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic cell line that is often used to study respiratory burst, as a model system to measure UPE kinetics together with metabolic changes. HL-60 cells were differentiated into neutrophil-like cells by culturing in all-trans-retinoic acid for 7days. We then used a targeted metabolomics approach with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry to profile intracellular metabolites in HL-60 cells and to investigate the biochemical changes based on the measured UPE profile. Our analysis revealed that the levels of specific metabolites, including putrescine, creatine, β-alanine, methionine, hydroxyproline, serine, and S-adenosylmethionine, were significantly altered in HL-60 cells after inducing respiratory burst. A comparison with recorded UPE data revealed that the changes in putrescine, glutathione, sarcosine, creatine, β-alanine, methionine, and hydroxyproline levels were inversely correlated with the change in UPE intensity. These results suggest that these metabolic pathways, particular the methionine pathway, may play a role in the observed changes in UPE in HL-60 cells and therefore demonstrate the potential for using UPE to monitor metabolic changes.
The present study provides a comprehensive data on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities of extracts from six medicinal plants--blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) leaves, chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) leaves, hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) leaves, lady's mantle (Alchemilla glabra) aerial parts, meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) aerial parts and raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves. In order to analyze the antioxidant activity of the herbs, several methods (ORAC, TRAP, HORAC and inhibition of lipid peroxidation) were used. Blackberry leaves and meadowsweet extracts revealed the highest antioxidant activities via all methods. All extracts studied blocked almost completely the opsonized zymosan particle-activated ROS production by neutrophils from human whole blood. On the other hand, the effect of extracts on phorbol myristate acetate-activated ROS production was much milder and even nonsignificant in the case of chokeberry leaves. This latter result suggests that extracts (apart from their antioxidative activity) interfere with the signaling cascade of phagocyte activation upstream of the protein kinase C activation. The antimicrobial activity of the investigated extracts against 11 human pathogens was investigated using three different methods. Meadowsweet and blackberry leaves extracts had the highest antimicrobial effect and the lowest minimal inhibiting concentrations (MICs) against the microorganisms tested.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- makrofágy cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- opsoniny farmakologie MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- polyfenoly izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- primární buněčná kultura MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
To specify the site of action of the synthetic coumarin derivatives 7-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) coumarin (HHC) and 7-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) dihydrocoumarin (HHDC), we evaluated their effects on extra- and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in phorbol-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulated human neutrophils. We studied also the effects of HHC and HHDC on possible molecular mechanisms which participate in the activation of NADPH oxidase, that is, on PKC activity, on phosphorylation of some PKC isoforms (α, βII, and δ), and on phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p40(phox). Without affecting cytotoxicity, both coumarines tested were effective inhibitors/scavengers of ROS produced by neutrophils on extracellular level. HHC markedly diminished oxidant production and also, intracellularly, decreased PKC activity and partly phosphorylation of PKCα, βII. On the other hand, we did not observe any effect of coumarin derivatives on phosphorylation of PKC δ and on phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p40(phox), which were suggested to be involved in the PMA-dependent intracellular activation process. In agreement with our previous findings, we assume that the different molecular structures of HHC and HHDC with their different physicochemical and free radical scavenging characteristics are responsible for their diverse effects on the parameters tested.
- MeSH
- adenosintrifosfát metabolismus MeSH
- aktivace neutrofilů účinky léků MeSH
- bezbuněčný systém MeSH
- buněčná smrt účinky léků MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- extracelulární prostor účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- fosfoproteiny metabolismus MeSH
- fosforylace účinky léků MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- intracelulární prostor účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- izoenzymy metabolismus MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kumariny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luminiscenční měření MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and treatment outcomes of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with hematological malignancies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from proven/probable IA cases that occurred from 2005 to 2009 at 10 hematology centers was performed. RESULTS: We identified 176 IA cases that mainly occurred in patients with acute leukemias (58.5%), mostly those on induction/re-induction treatments (39.8%). Prolonged neutropenia was the most frequent risk factor for IA (61.4%). The lungs were the most frequently affected site (93.8%) and computed tomography detected abnormalities in all episodes; however, only 53.7% of patients had findings suggestive of IA. Galactomannan (GM) detection in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (positive in 79.1% and 78.8% of episodes, respectively) played a crucial role in IA diagnosis. Neutrophil count and antifungal prophylaxis did not influence the GM positivity rate, but empirical therapy decreased this rate (in serum). Of the IA cases, 53.2% responded to initial antifungal therapy. The combination of voriconazole and echinocandin, even as initial or salvage therapy, did not perform better than voriconazole monotherapy (p=0.924 for initial therapy and p=0.205 for salvage therapy). Neutrophil recovery had a significant role in the response to initial (but not salvage) antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective analysis identified key diagnostic and treatment characteristics, and this understanding could improve the management of hematological malignancy patients with IA.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- antifungální látky imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- aspergilóza diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- echinokandiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- leukemie diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mannany krev MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie MeSH
- plicní mykózy diagnóza farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- pyrimidiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- triazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
