Infectious diseases, which often result in deadly sepsis or septic shock, represent a major global health problem. For understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis and developing new treatment strategies, reliable and clinically relevant animal models of the disease are necessary. In this review, two large animal (porcine) models of sepsis induced by either peritonitis or bacteremia are introduced and their strong and weak points are discussed in the context of clinical relevance and other animal models of sepsis, with a special focus on cardiovascular and immune systems, experimental design, and monitoring. Especially for testing new therapeutic strategies, the large animal (porcine) models represent a more clinically relevant alternative to small animal models, and the findings obtained in small animal (transgenic) models should be verified in these clinically relevant large animal models before translation to the clinical level.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Aortic valve stenosis is the most frequent cardiac valve pathology in the western world. Surgical aortic valve replacement is the gold standard for the treatment of significant degenerative aortic valve diseases. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report highlights an unexpected abnormal iatrogenic shortening of the aorto-mitral continuity and its deformity, during traditional AVR using sutured stented aortic prosthesis as the first choice, which caused significant mitral valve regurgitation. The suture-less prosthesis was a rescue choice to restore the geometry and eliminate the deformation of the aorto-mitral continuity. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic valve replacement using suture-less prosthesis could be a valuable optional choice for lowering the risk of deformation of the aortic annulus and aorto-mitral continuity. It might provide better outcomes in combined procedures.
- MeSH
- aortální chlopeň chirurgie MeSH
- aortální insuficience * komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- aortální stenóza * chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně * škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitrální insuficience * etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- srdeční chlopně umělé * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- sutura škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Bezstehová "sutureless" aortální bioprotéza implantovaná chirurgickou cestou v izolovaném výkonu je již ověřenou alternativou klasické, stehem fixované bioprotézy (1). Přináší benefity v podobě zkrácení doby mimotělního oběhu a snižuje riziko vyšších pooperačních gradientů u pacientů s malými rozměry aortálního kořene (1). Její využití v kombinovaných chlopenních výkonech je podpořeno pouze analýzami na menších souborech. Mezi lety 2015 až 2020 jsme u vybraných pacientů provedli 11 kombinovaných chlopenních výkonů s využitím bezstehové chlopně v aortální pozici, z toho v sedmi výkonech se jednalo o kombinaci s náhradou či plastikou mitrální chlopně a ve třech výkonech se jednalo o kombinaci operace dvou chlopní (aortální a mitrální) s provedením aortokoronárního bypassu. Průměrné logistické EUROSCORE pacientů bylo 17 ± 7,68. Průměrná délka mimotělního oběhu byla 101 minut a doba v srdeční zástavě 74 ± 11,8 minut. Korekce chlopenních vad měla příznivý hemodynamický efekt ve všech provedených výkonech, v jednom případě po provedené mitrální plastice perzistovala středně významná regurgitace. U žádného pacienta nebyla přítomna "interference" aortální a mitrální protézy, ani nebyl implantován trvalý kardiostimulátor. Pouze jeden pacient, který již před výkonem vykazoval celkově těžký stav s vysokým operačním rizikem, zemřel v časné pooperační fázi.
Sutureless aortic valve replacement is associated with shorter aortic crossclamp times and lower pressures in small aortic roots. Available data are limited on the use of this sutureless method in combined cardiac surgery valve replacement. Combined cardiac surgery valve procedures using a sutureless valve in the aortic position were performed in 11 patients between 2015 and 2020 at the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the University Hospital in Pilsen. The logistic EUROSCORE was 17 ± 7,68, and the aortic cross clamp time 74 ± 11.8 minutes. A benefical postoperative hemodynamic effect was observed in all cases. Only one person with a very high surgical risk and concomitant heart failure died in the early postoperative period. None of the patients received permanent pacemaker, and no valve interference was observed.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost vybavení MeSH
- bezstehová chirurgie metody MeSH
- bioprotézy MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- onemocnění aortální chlopně chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační období MeSH
- srdeční chlopně umělé MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Porcine model of peritonitis-induced sepsis is a well-established clinically relevant model of human disease. Interindividual variability of the response often complicates the interpretation of findings. To better understand the biological basis of the disease variability, the progression of the disease was compared between animals with sepsis and septic shock. Peritonitis was induced by inoculation of autologous feces in fifteen anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and surgically instrumented pigs and continued for 24 h. Cardiovascular and biochemical parameters were collected at baseline (just before peritonitis induction), 12 h, 18 h and 24 h (end of the experiment) after induction of peritonitis. Analysis of multiple parameters revealed the earliest significant differences between sepsis and septic shock groups in the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, systemic vascular resistance, partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood and body temperature. Other significant functional differences developed later in the course of the disease. The data indicate that SOFA score, hemodynamical parameters and body temperature discriminate early between sepsis and septic shock in a clinically relevant porcine model. Early pronounced alterations of these parameters may herald a progression of the disease toward irreversible septic shock.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The complex pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock involves myocardial depression, the pathophysiology of which, however, remains unclear. In this study, cellular mechanisms of myocardial depression were addressed in a clinically relevant, large animal (porcine) model of sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis was induced by fecal peritonitis in eight anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented pigs of both sexes and continued for 24 h. In eight control pigs, an identical experiment but without sepsis induction was performed. In vitro analysis of cardiac function included measurements of action potentials and contractions in the right ventricle trabeculae, measurements of sarcomeric contractions, calcium transients and calcium current in isolated cardiac myocytes, and analysis of mitochondrial respiration by ultrasensitive oxygraphy. Increased values of modified sequential organ failure assessment score and serum lactate levels documented the development of sepsis/septic shock, accompanied by hyperdynamic circulation with high heart rate, increased cardiac output, peripheral vasodilation, and decreased stroke volume. In septic trabeculae, action potential duration was shortened and contraction force reduced. In septic cardiac myocytes, sarcomeric contractions, calcium transients, and L-type calcium current were all suppressed. Similar relaxation trajectory of the intracellular calcium-cell length phase-plane diagram indicated unchanged calcium responsiveness of myofilaments. Mitochondrial respiration was diminished through inhibition of Complex II and Complex IV. Defective calcium handling with reduced calcium current and transients, together with inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, appears to represent the dominant cellular mechanisms of myocardial depression in porcine septic shock.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
