Research has repeatedly shown marked differences in men's and women's sexual response patterns; genital response in men tends to be elicited by cues that correspond to their sexual preference (preferred gender), while women's genital response is less sensitive to gender cues and more sensitive to the presence and intensity of other sexual cues (e.g., sexual activities). We tested whether the cue of copulatory movement in a general sexual context elicited a genital response in androphilic women but not in gynephilic men. If so, women should react to stimuli depicting not only the non-preferred gender but also other animal species differing in phylogenetic distance to humans. We studied the genital and self-reported arousal of 30 gynephilic men and 28 androphilic women to two sexual videos depicting penetrative human sexual intercourse (female-male and female-female) and nine videos depicting animal copulation. Neither women nor men showed genital or subjective sexual arousal to non-human sexual stimuli. Moreover, both sexes demonstrated a highly cue-specific pattern of arousal. Our results suggest that copulatory movement displayed in non-human species is not a sexual cue that can elicit genital or subjective sexual arousal in humans.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- koitus fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- kopulace * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- podněty * MeSH
- sexuální vzrušení * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The development of human sexual orientation remains a complex and multifaceted subject. It is often studied but its origins continue to elude us. In this preregistered study, our primary objective was to demonstrate the fraternal birth order effect (FBOE), which assumes a higher prevalence of older brothers in gay men than in their straight counterparts and which has also been recently recorded in lesbian women. Our second aim was to explore any potential impact of the FBOE on anal-erotic role orientation (AERO), both in gay and straight men. Our study sample included 693 gay men, 843 straight men, 265 lesbian women, and 331 straight women from Czechia and Slovakia. Employing a conventionally parameterized logistic regression model, we substantiated the FBOE among both gay men (OR = 1.35 for maternal older brothers) and lesbian women (OR = 1.71). These outcomes were confirmed by a more nuanced parameterization recently proposed by Blanchard (2022). Nonmaternal older brothers did not exhibit a significant influence on their younger brothers' sexual orientation. Contrary to some earlier reports, however, our data did not establish the FBOE as exclusive to gay men with the receptive AERO. Furthermore, our observations indicated a lower offspring count for mothers of gay men compared to mothers of straight men. Emphasizing the positive FBOE outcomes, we acknowledge the need for caution regarding the various options that can be used to estimate the familial influences on sexual orientation.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- heterosexualita statistika a číselné údaje psychologie MeSH
- homosexualita mužská * statistika a číselné údaje psychologie MeSH
- homosexualita ženská * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pořadí narození * MeSH
- sexuální a genderové menšiny statistika a číselné údaje psychologie MeSH
- sexuální chování statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sourozenci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Individuals with paraphilic interests in sexual violence or children may be more likely to sexually offend if they possess offense-supportive cognitions. These cognitions may develop in response to childhood adversity. However, this idea is largely based on research in men convicted of sexual offenses and may not generalize to non-incarcerated adults with paraphilic interests. In a sample of 178 adults screened for paraphilic interests in violence or children (from the general Czech population), we hypothesized that childhood sexual abuse and emotional neglect would be associated with offense-supportive cognitions about rape and child molestation. Participants came from a nationally representative sample of Czech adults and were selected if they self-reported high levels of sexual interest in violence and/or children. Participants completed an online survey with self-report measures of sexual orientation, offense-supportive cognitions (Bumby RAPE and MOLEST scales), and childhood sexual abuse and emotional neglect (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire). Controlling for gender, age, and sexual orientation, we found that both rape-supportive cognitions and child molestation-supportive cognitions were significantly associated with higher levels of childhood sexual abuse, but not emotional neglect. These findings indicate that childhood sexual abuse may lead to offense-supportive cognitions among men and women with paraphilia.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí s anamnézou domácího násilí nebo sexuálního zneužívání v dětství psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nepříznivé zkušenosti z dětství psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- parafilie psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sexuální chování psychologie MeSH
- sexuální delikty psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sexuální zneužívání dítěte psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- znásilnění psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Men and women respond differently when presented with sexual stimuli. Men's reaction is gender-specific, and women's reaction is gender-nonspecific. This might be a result of differential cognitive processing of sexual cues, namely copulatory movement (CM), which is present in almost every dynamic erotic stimulus. A novelty eye-tracking procedure was developed to assess the saliency of short film clips containing CM or non-CM sexual activities. Results from 29 gynephilic men and 31 androphilic women showed only small and insignificant effects in attention bias and no effects in attentional capture. Our results suggest that CM is not processed differently in men and women and, therefore, is not the reason behind gender-nonspecific sexual responses in women.
- MeSH
- heterosexualita * MeSH
- kopulace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odklon pozornosti * MeSH
- sexuální chování MeSH
- technologie sledování pohybu očí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Since Darwin proposed that human musicality evolved through sexual selection, empirical evidence has supported intersexual selection as one of the adaptive functions of artistic propensities. However, intrasexual competition has been overlooked. We tested their relative importance by investigating the relationship between the self-perceived talent/expertise in 16 artistic and 2 sports modalities and proxies of intersexual selection (i.e., mate value, mating and parenting efforts, sociosexuality, and number of sexual partners) and intrasexual competition (i.e., aggressiveness, intrasexual competitiveness) in heterosexuals. Participants were 82 Brazilian men, 166 Brazilian women, 146 Czech men, and 458 Czech women (Mage = 26.48, SD = 7.12). Factor analysis revealed five factors: Literary-arts (creative writing, humor, acting/theater/film, poetry, storytelling), Visual-arts (painting/drawing, sculpting, handcrafting, culinary arts, architecture design), Musical-arts (playing/instruments, singing, dance, whistling), Circus-arts (juggling, acrobatics), and Sports (individual, collective). Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) showed more associations of the arts to intersexual selection in women and to intrasexual selection in men, and overall more relationships in women than in men. In women, literary and musical-arts were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selections proxies, visual and circus-arts were related to elevated intersexual selection proxies, and sports were related to intrasexual selection proxies. In men, literary-arts and sports were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selection proxies, musical-arts were related to intrasexual proxies, and circus-arts were related to intersexual proxies; visual-arts did not have predictors. Although present in both sexes, each sexual selection component has different relative importance in each sex. Artisticality functions to attract and maintain long/short-term partners, and to compete with mating rivals.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
[Couple homogamy and quality of the relationship]
Výběr partnera není náhodný. Nenáhodné (asortativní) párování může být pozitivní (homogamie), kdy lidé vytvářejí páry se soběpodobnými (self-similar) partnery, nebo negativní (heterogamie, komplementarita), kdy mají partneři charakteristiky soběodlišné (self-different). Více než sto let výzkumu ukázalo, že v párování se výrazně častěji uplatňuje princip homogamie. Jelikož se jedná o jeden z nejvýznamnějších principů párování, je homogamie dlouhodobě zkoumána napříč obory, od psychologie, sociologie, psychiatrie, etologie, po antropologii. Cílem této narativní přehledové studie je uceleně představit a kriticky shrnout současný stav poznání v oblasti pozitivního nenáhodného párování, se zaměřením na empirickou podporu (partnerská podobnost v socio-demografických, psychologických a fyzických charakteristikách), faktory ovlivňující homogamii (sexuální orientace či kultura) a dopady partnerské soběpodobnosti na partnerský vztah (spokojenost a stabilita vztahu). Závěrem jsou diskutována metodická úskalí výzkumu a navrženy směry, jimiž by se mohl budoucí výzkum ubírat. Vzhledem k interdisciplinaritě tématu a obrovskému množství textů zabývajícím se pozitivním nenáhodným párováním věříme, že tento text napomůže čtenářům zorientovat se v komplexní problematice, jakou homogamie je.
People do not choose their partners randomly. Assortative mating can be either positive (homogamy), meaning people couple with self-similar partners, or negative (heterogamy, complementarity), meaning they couple with self-different partners. More than a hundred years of research have shown that in mate choice the principle of homogamy is significantly more prevalent. Being one of the most prominent principles of pairing, homogamy is studied across disciplines, varying from psychology, sociology, psychiatry, ethology, to anthropology. The aim of this narrative review is to comprehensively present and critically summarize the current state of knowledge in the field of positive assortative pairing, with the focus on empirical support (partner similarity in socio-demographic, psychological, and physical characteristics), factors influencing homogamy (sexual orientation or culture) and the effects of homogamy on the relationship (satisfaction and stability of the relationship). Finally, the methodological pitfalls of the research are discussed and the directions for the future research are suggested. Due to the interdisciplinarity of the topic and the large number of papers investigating positive assortative pairing, we believe that this review will help readers to navigate themselves through the complex issue of homogamy.
Sexuální reaktivitu lze charakterizovat jako somatickou reakci, která je kontrolována nadřazenými spinálními a mozkovými centry, modifikována hormonálním stavem organismu a psychickým vyladěním člověka. Ve svých fyziologických projevech se mezi pohlavími příliš neliší, nicméně se ukazuje, že ženy se oproti mužům ve vzorech sexuální reaktivity liší. Cílem této přehledové studie je blíže představit koncept tzv. (ne)specifičnosti sexuální reaktivity mužů a žen. Kategorická specifičnost sexuální reaktivity popisuje stav, kdy je genitální sexuální vzrušení jedince v souladu s jeho subjektivně pociťovaným vzrušením. Výzkumy na toto téma ale ukazují, že ženy jsou ve své sexuální reaktivitě kategoricky nespecifické a že tělesné sexuální vzrušení nemusí nutně odpovídat jejich subjektivně vnímanému sexuálnímu vzrušení. Výsledky předkládaných studií dále naznačují, že pro měření sexuální reaktivity při reakci na erotické stimuly u mužů a žen je jednak nutné pečlivě volit nejen typ stimulů (videa, fotografie), ale rovněž také vhodné měřící metody. V textu jsou dále nastíněny některé z hypotéz, které vysvětlují zmíněný nesoulad mezi subjektivním a genitálním sexuálním vzrušením žen. V závěru článku jsou uvedeny možné aplikace těchto poznatků do klinické praxe, a to především v kontextu problematičnosti měření sexuální orientace a sexuálních preferencí žen.
Sexual response is a somatic event mediated by the spinal cord and brain structures, modulated by the hormonal milieu and mental state of a person. Studies of sexual arousal have repeatedly demonstrated sex differences in genital response and subjective rating of arousal in subjects who were exposed to erotic video stimuli showing couples of different sexual orientations. Men exhibit higher re-sponses to stimuli of preferred sex (i.e., responses are category specific), while genital response in women is category non-specific. The aim of this review is to describe the concept of (non)specificity of sexual response in men and women. Category-specific sexual response describes a pattern wherein individuals show preferential genital response to a specific category of stimuli and this pattern is typical by congruence between genital arousal and subjective ratings. Studies of sexual arousal have repeatedly shown that female genital arousal is category non-specific while the subjective arousal is category specific. Also, these results suggest that it is necessary to carefully choose not only the type of stimuli (videos, photographs) but also an appropriate method of measurement. Hypothesis that might explain the lack of congruence between genital arousal and subjective ratings in women will be discussed. To conclude, clinical application tackling difficulties related to measurement of sexual orientation and sexual preference in women will be suggested.
Jealousy is defined as one of the most common automatic responses to endangering a relationship by a third party, and in evolutionary psychology it has the function of maximizing self-reproduction fitness, ensuring paternity security in men, and maintaining partner's resources in women. These include romantic jealousy, in men assuring certainty of paternity, and in women assuring the maintenance of partner's resources. Thus, according to this logic, a woman’s sexual infidelity should be more threatening for men and a man’s emotional infidelity (emotional involvement with other women than a primary partner) should be more threatening for women. Many previous studies confirm the existence of sex differences in jealousy; men reporting a higher level of sexual jealousy and women reporting a higher level of emotional jealousy. On the contrary, studies of romantic jealousy in homosexual individuals show inconsistent results. Some studies suggest that the type of sexual and emotional jealousy does not depend on the sex of the individual who is jealous, but rather on the sex of the partner or the sex of the rival. Therefore, the aim of this review is to introduce romantic jealousy from an evolutionary perspective and to acquaint the reader with current knowledge of the study of cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of romantic jealousy in heterosexual and homosexual men and women.
The number of population-based studies focused on the prevalence of paraphilic sexual interests in men is very low and for women, the subject remains largely unexplored. The two main aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of paraphilias and to explore sex differences in an online representative sample of Czech men and women using various dimensions of sexual experience. We collected data about sexual motivations and behavior from a representative online sample of 10,044 Czechs (5,023 men and 5,021 women). In a standardized online interview, participants answered questions about selected dimensions of sexual experience within specific paraphilic patterns: sexual preferences, sexual arousal, sexual fantasies in the past 6 months, pornography use in the past 6 months, and experience with paraphilic behaviors. Our results show that 31.3% of men (n = 1,571) and 13.6% of women (n = 683) admitted to at least one paraphilic preference. Moreover, 15.5% of men and 5% of women reported more than one paraphilic preference. Except for beating/torture and humiliation/submission, in terms of real experience with such behaviors almost all paraphilias were more common among men than among women. Our results indicate that the high prevalence of some paraphilic patterns might render their pathologization problematic.
- MeSH
- arousal MeSH
- erotika MeSH
- fantazie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parafilie * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- sexuální chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Attention to sexual stimuli is necessary for the development of sexual response, yet while there is some evidence of attention bias in favor of sexual stimuli, the direction and magnitude of the effect remain unknown. A high-powered sample of 113 participants was tested using the dot-probe task (DPT) and picture recognition task (PRT) to measure visuospatial attention to erotic images. Participants showed no attention bias in the DPT (rB = 0.201, p = 0.064) but were significantly better at recognizing erotic rather than neutral or training pictures (d = 1.445 and 1.461, respectively, both p < 0.001). This indicates that spatial attention bias to sexual pictures is small, negligible, possibly even non-existent, or else the DPT is not a reliable tool to assess it. Results of the PRT, on the other hand, show that sexual stimuli are prioritized in memory and this should be explored in future research.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
