When individuals breed more than once, parents are faced with the choice of whether to re-mate with their old partner or divorce and select a new mate. Evolutionary theory predicts that, following successful reproduction with a given partner, that partner should be retained for future reproduction. However, recent work in a polygamous bird, has instead indicated that successful parents divorced more often than failed breeders (Halimubieke et al. in Ecol Evol 9:10734-10745, 2019), because one parent can benefit by mating with a new partner and reproducing shortly after divorce. Here we investigate whether successful breeding predicts divorce using data from 14 well-monitored populations of plovers (Charadrius spp.). We show that successful nesting leads to divorce, whereas nest failure leads to retention of the mate for follow-up breeding. Plovers that divorced their partners and simultaneously deserted their broods produced more offspring within a season than parents that retained their mate. Our work provides a counterpoint to theoretical expectations that divorce is triggered by low reproductive success, and supports adaptive explanations of divorce as a strategy to improve individual reproductive success. In addition, we show that temperature may modulate these costs and benefits, and contribute to dynamic variation in patterns of divorce across plover breeding systems.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- Charadriiformes fyziologie MeSH
- chov MeSH
- párová vazba MeSH
- rozmnožování fyziologie MeSH
- rozvod MeSH
- sexuální chování zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: To pool data across multiple institutions internationally and report on the cumulative experience of brainstem stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data on patients with brainstem metastases treated with SRS were collected through the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Clinical, radiographic, and dosimetric characteristics were compared for factors prognostic for local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Of 547 patients with 596 brainstem metastases treated with SRS, treatment of 7.4% of tumors resulted in severe SRS-induced toxicity (grade ≥3, increased odds with increasing tumor volume, margin dose, and whole-brain irradiation). Local control at 12 months after SRS was 81.8% and was improved with increasing margin dose and maximum dose. Overall survival at 12 months after SRS was 32.7% and impacted by age, gender, number of metastases, tumor histology, and performance score. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides additional evidence that SRS has become an option for patients with brainstem metastases, with an excellent benefit-to-risk ratio in the hands of experienced clinicians. Prior whole-brain irradiation increases the risk of severe toxicity in brainstem metastasis patients undergoing SRS.
- MeSH
- celková dávka radioterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kauzalita MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- kraniální ozáření MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory mozkového kmene mortalita radioterapie sekundární MeSH
- radiační poranění MeSH
- radiochirurgie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
2nd ed. 2 sv. + 1 CD-ROM
- MeSH
- infekční nemoci MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- infekční lékařství
Update in intensive care and emergency medicine, ISSN 0933-6788 Vol. 31
xiv, 427 s.
