The adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT, or AC-Hly) of Bordetella pertussis targets phagocytic cells expressing the complement receptor 3 (CR3, Mac-1, αMβ2 integrin, or CD11b/CD18). CyaA delivers into cells an N-terminal adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzyme domain that is activated by cytosolic calmodulin and catalyzes unregulated conversion of cellular ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP), a key second messenger subverting bactericidal activities of phagocytes. In parallel, the hemolysin (Hly) moiety of CyaA forms cation-selective hemolytic pores that permeabilize target cell membranes. We constructed the first B. pertussis mutant secreting a CyaA toxin having an intact capacity to deliver the AC enzyme into CD11b-expressing (CD11b(+)) host phagocytes but impaired in formation of cell-permeabilizing pores and defective in cAMP elevation in CD11b(-) cells. The nonhemolytic AC(+) Hly(-) bacteria inhibited the antigen-presenting capacities of coincubated mouse dendritic cells in vitro and skewed their Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered maturation toward a tolerogenic phenotype. The AC(+) Hly(-) mutant also infected mouse lungs as efficiently as the parental AC(+) Hly(+) strain. Hence, elevation of cAMP in CD11b(-) cells and/or the pore-forming capacity of CyaA were not required for infection of mouse airways. The latter activities were, however, involved in bacterial penetration across the epithelial layer, enhanced neutrophil influx into lung parenchyma during sublethal infections, and the exacerbated lung pathology and lethality of B. pertussis infections at higher inoculation doses (>10(7) CFU/mouse). The pore-forming activity of CyaA further synergized with the cAMP-elevating activity in downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules on infiltrating myeloid cells, likely contributing to immune subversion of host defenses by the whooping cough agent.
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasový toxin metabolismus MeSH
- AMP cyklický metabolismus MeSH
- antigeny CD11b metabolismus MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis patogenita MeSH
- buněčná membrána metabolismus MeSH
- dendritické buňky imunologie MeSH
- fagocyty imunologie MeSH
- hemolyziny metabolismus MeSH
- makrofágový antigen 1 metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- pertuse mikrobiologie MeSH
- plíce mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bordetella parapertussis is a causative agent of whooping cough in humans, and B. bronchiseptica is causing wide variety of respiratory infections in mammals, including humans. Specific diagnostic tests are not currently available. Our first objective was to develop a real-time PCR test for the specific detection of B. bronchiseptica based on the previously described end-point PCR, targeting an intergenomic sequence of the fla gene locus, but it has not been reached. However, there is cross-reactivity between B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica. Therefore, the targeted region of several clinical isolates of both species was sequenced, and alignment of the sequences allowed the development of a 2-step real-time PCR assay. The first PCR assay detected the DNA of all clinical isolates of both B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis tested. The second PCR assay detected only the DNA of B. parapertussis clinical isolates, thereby allowing discrimination between B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica.
- MeSH
- Bordetella bronchiseptica genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bordetella parapertussis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární metody MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie genetika MeSH
- infekce bakteriemi rodu Bordetella diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
