Těžké astma postihuje pouze velmi malou část (jednotky procent) všech astmatiků. V průběhu několika posledních let se pro tuto skupinu pacientů stala i u nás dobře dostupnou biologická léčba, která již má v současnosti přednost před podáváním systémových kortikosteroidů a postupně se s vývojem doporučení stává preferovanou dokonce i před vysokými dávkami kortikosteroidů inhalačních (po využití kombinace s další přídatnou léčbou).1 Na případu mladé pacientky s těžkým refrakterním asthma bronchiale ukazujeme, že možnost volit mezi vícero přípravky biologické léčby a případně změnit již zvolenou podanou léčbu na základě dalšího vývoje nám umožňuje nastavit a vést léčbu cílenou podle individuálních charakteristik konkrétního pacienta.

Severe asthma affects only a very small part (few percent) of all patients with asthma. In the last few years, specific biological treatment has become readily available for this group of patients in our country. These biologics already have priority over the use of systemic corticosteroids, and gradually, with the development of recommendations, it is becoming preferred even over high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (after using a combination with additional treatment).1 In the case report of a young patient with severe refractory bronchial asthma, we show that the possibility of choosing among several biologicals and possibly changing the already used choice allows us to set up and conduct targeted treatment according to the patient's individual characteristics.

• Klíčová slova
• mepolizumab,
• MeSH
• antiastmatika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologická terapie metody   MeSH
• bronchiální astma * farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• eozinofilie diagnóza   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: An excise tax on cigarettes is imposed by the vast majority of countries in the world. Cigarette smoking is generally considered harmful and states are interested in reducing it. At the same time, governments are gaining substantial revenues for the state budget from the taxation of cigarettes. The tax component amounts for a significant portion of the retail price of cigarettes, and the amount of excise duty can lead to tax avoidance by the tobacco producers, smuggling, or an increase in the illicit tobacco trade. All the organizations focusing on the reduction of smoking amongst the population are trying to find the ideal balance between available measures to maximize the positive effects on the population and the economy as well. AIM: This paper analyses the dependency between tobacco taxation and the prevalence of smoking in the Czech Republic. The paper also aims to verify a connection between tobacco taxation and an increase in the illicit tobacco trade. METHODS: The data under analysis is from the period between 2010 and 2019. The data for the Czech Republic is collected from national reports and databases. The data concerning comparative information from other European countries is gathered from the European Commission databases. Descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the paired t-test are used to test the respective hypotheses. RESULTS: The results confirm the existence of a weak dependency between the levels of excise duty and the number of smokers in the Czech Republic and we can conclude that increasing tobacco taxation can result in a decrease in the number of smokers in the population. Additionally, the hypothesis of a relationship between the occurrence of an illicit trade and the level of tobacco taxation was not proved. This finding indicates that increasing tobacco taxation does not significantly influence the occurrence of an illicit trade in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS: The present paper adds to the existing literature on the topic of tobacco taxation and provides a conclusive summary of the effects of the taxation of tobacco on the prevalence of smoking in the Czech Republic. In the Czech Republic and other European countries, these findings can be utilized as support for planning future excise duty laws.

BACKGROUND: Addictive substances have been part of our lives since historical times. For the Czech Republic, this is especially true of the consumption of cigarettes and alcohol. It has long since been proven that these substances are harmful for the human organism and addiction to such substances has far-reaching impacts on the social and economic life of people. On the other hand, revenues to state budgets arising from the taxation of these substances are significant in every country around the world, and to find a balance between the prevention of their use and the revenues of the state is a problem faced by every government. AIM: The aim of this paper is to focus on the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes in the Czech Republic and ascertain its impacts on the revenues of the Czech Republic. METHODS: The sources of data for this research were publicly available from individual ministries of the Czech Republic and from the Czech Statistical Office. Statistical methods were used for the data analysis and interpretation of the findings, including quantitative research, in which basic types of dependency were demonstrated and basic hypotheses were tested. RESULTS: The results have shown that there is a dependency between the number of smokers and excise tax on cigarettes and that there is a dependency between tax revenues from beer and the average wage in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS: This shows that the amount of excise tax does not affect substance use in the Czech Republic and these prevention policies are not effective in the Czech setting. On the other hand, a single significant increase in the excise tax rate would perhaps help in the area of prevention but it would not benefit the state treasury of the Czech Republic, as the impact of a higher tax rate on state revenues would be cancelled out by a drop in consumption.