- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Cílem odborné expertízy bylo posouzení a analýza hluku vyvolaného křikem havranů hnízdících na stromech parkové zeleně panelového sídliště v Táboře. Výsledky obsahují popis a vyhodnocení měření, modelování imisní akustické situace a hodnocení zdravotních rizik hluku (HRA) pro odhad hlukové zátěže obyvatel obytné zástavby městského sídliště a školy. Měření hluku bylo organizováno jako technické měření v pěti dílčích lokalitách v chráněném venkovním prostoru a na jednom místě uvnitř školy. Měření probíhalo nepřetržitě s kontinuálním záznamem se vzorkovací frekvencí 1 s. K vyhodnocení byl použit program Brüel & Kjaer Evaluator Type 7820. Akustický model byl vytvořen v prostředí výpočtového softwaru LimA. Hodnocení zdravotních rizik (HRA) bylo zpracováno dle vybraných částí Autorizačního návodu AN 15/04 SZÚ. Pro dokumentaci výsledků byla také použita akustická kamera SoundCam. Naměřené hodnoty ekvivalentních hladin akustického tlaku LAeq,T křiku havranů se pohybovaly ve venkovním prostoru sídliště od 61,5 do 68,0 dB, hladina zbytkového hluku se pohybovala od 26,9 až do 29,1 dB. Uvnitř školy při otevřeném okně byla naměřena hodnota LAeq,T = 64,8 dB. Negativní účinek vlivu hluku na veřejné zdraví z křiku hnízdících havranů lze předpokládat v oblasti obtěžování a rušení spánku, které mohou být vyvolány stresovou reakcí na vysoké hladiny hluku a jeho charakter. Pro hodnocení tohoto zdroje hluku nejsou stanoveny hygienické limity, proto bylo použito hodnocení podle vztahů pro obtěžování průmyslovým hlukem. Procento vysoce obtěžovaných osob lze označit za neakceptovatelné.
The aim of the consultant's report was to assess and analyze noise caused by the screams of rooks nesting in the trees of the greenery of a housing estate in Tábor. The results include a description and evaluation of the measurements, modeling of the immission acoustic situation and assessment of the health risks of noise (HRA) for the estimation of the noise burden on the residents of the urban housing estate and the school. The noise measurement was organized as a technical measurement in five sub-locations in a protected outdoor area and in one location inside the school. The measurement took place continuously with a continuous recording with a sampling frequency of 1 s. The Brüel & Kjaer Evaluator Type 7820 program was used for the evaluation. The acoustic model was created in the LimA computing software environment. The HRA was processed according to selected parts of the Authorization Instructions AN 15/04 SZÚ. A SoundCam acoustic camera was also used to document the results. The measured values of the equivalent sound pressure levels LAeq,T of rooks' screams ranged from 61.5 to 68.0 dB in the outdoor area of the housing estate, the residual noise level ranged from 26.9 to 29.1 dB. Inside the school, with the window open, the value LAeq,T = 64.8 dB was measured. The negative impact of noise on public health from the screeching of nesting rooks can be anticipated in the area of annoyance and sleep disturbance, which may be caused by the stress response to high noise levels and its character. Hygienic limits are not set for the evaluation of this noise source, therefore the evaluation according to the industrial noise disturbance relations was used. The percentage of highly annoyed people can be described as unacceptable.
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is an important component of the immune response to the virus. At present, two such tests based on interferon-gamma release (interferon-γ release assays, IGRAs) are available-Quan-T-Cell SARS-CoV-2 by EUROIMMUN and T-SPOT.COVID by Oxford Immunotec. In this paper, we compared the results of these two tests in 90 subjects employed at the Public Health Institute Ostrava who had previously undergone COVID-19 infection or were vaccinated against that disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first head-to-head comparison of these two tests evaluating T-cell-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we also evaluated humoral immunity in the same individuals using the in-house virus neutralization test and IgG ELISA assay. The evaluation yielded similar results for both IGRAs, with Quan-T-Cell appearing to be insignificantly (p = 0.08) more sensitive (all 90 individuals were at least borderline positive) than T-SPOT.COVID (negative results found in five patients). The overall qualitative (presence/absence of immune response) agreement of both tests with virus neutralization test and anti-S IgG was also excellent (close or equal to 100% in all subgroups, with the exception of unvaccinated Omicron convalescents, a large proportion of whom, i.e., four out of six subjects, were IgG negative while at least borderline positive for T-cell-mediated immunity measured by Quan-T). This implies that the evaluation of T-cell-mediated immunity is a more sensitive indicator of immune response than the evaluation of IgG seropositivity. This is true at least for unvaccinated patients with a history of being infected only by the Omicron variant, but also likely for other groups of patients.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elderly nursing home residents are especially prone to a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the complex immune response after vaccination depending on the convalescence status and vaccine. METHODS: Sampling took place in September-October 2021. IgG antibodies against spike protein and nucleocapsid protein, the titer of virus neutralization antibodies against delta and (on a subset of patients) omicron, and cellular immunity (interferon-gamma release assay) were tested in nursing home residents vaccinated with Pfizer, Moderna (both 30-31 weeks after the completion of vaccination), or AstraZeneca (23 weeks) vaccines. The prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was evaluated in Stata version 17. RESULTS: 95.2% (95% CI: 92.5-97.1%) of the 375 participants had positive results of anti-S IgG, 92.8% (95% CI: 89.7-95.2%) were positive in virus neutralization assay against delta, and 89.0% (95% CI: 84.5-92.5%) in the interferon-gamma-releasing assay detecting cellular immunity. Results of the virus neutralization assay against omicron correlated with those against delta but the neutralization capacity was reduced by about half. As expected, the worst results were found for the AstraZeneca vaccine, although the vaccination-to-test period was the shortest for this vaccine. All immune parameters were significantly higher in convalescent residents than in naive residents after vaccination. No case of COVID-19 occurred during the vaccination-to-test period. CONCLUSIONS: A high immune response, especially among vaccinated convalescents (i.e., residents with hybrid immunity), was found in elderly nursing home residents 5-7 months after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In view of this, it appears that such residents are much better protected from COVID-19 than those who are only vaccinated and the matter of individual approach to the booster dose in such individuals should be further discussed.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- imunita MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pečovatelské domovy MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Many studies reported good performance of nasopharyngeal swab-based antigen tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals; however, studies independently evaluating the quality of antigen tests utilizing anterior nasal swabs or saliva swabs are still rare, although such tests are widely used for mass testing. In our study, sensitivities, specificities and predictive values of seven antigen tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 (one using nasopharyngeal swabs, two using anterior nasal swabs and four using saliva) were evaluated. In a setting of a high-capacity testing center, nasopharyngeal swabs for quantitative PCR (qPCR) were taken and, at the same time, antigen testing was performed in accordance with manufacturers' instructions for the respective tests. In samples where qPCR and antigen tests yielded different results, virus culture was performed to evaluate the presence of the viable virus. Sensitivities and specificities of individual tests were calculated using both qPCR and qPCR corrected for viability as the reference. In addition, calculations were also performed for data categorized according to the cycle threshold and symptomatic status. The test using nasopharyngeal swabs yielded the best results (sensitivity of 80.6% relative to PCR and 91.2% when corrected for viability) while none of the remaining tests (anterior nasal swab or saliva-based tests) came even close to the WHO criteria for overall sensitivity. Hence, we advise caution when using antigen tests with alternative sampling methods without independent validation.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be less sensitive than the standard reference method - real-time PCR (RT-PCR). It has been suggested that many patients with positive RT-PCR 'missed' by antigen testing might be non-infectious. METHODS: In a real-world high-throughput setting for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients, 494 patients were tested using RT-PCR as well as a single lateral flow antigen test (Ecotest, AssureTech, China). Where the results differed, virus viability was evaluated by cell culture. The test parameters were calculated with RT-PCR and RT-PCR adjusted on viability as reference standards. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of the used antigen test related to the RT-PCR only was 76.2%, specificity was 97.3%. However, 36 out of 39 patients 'missed' by the antigen test contained no viable virus. After adjusting on that, the sensitivity grew to 97.7% and, more importantly for disease control purposes, the negative predictive value reached 99.2%. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that viability testing should be always performed when evaluating a new antigen test. A well-chosen and validated antigen test provides excellent results in identifying patients who are shedding viable virus (although some caveats still remain) in the real-world high-throughput setting of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals.
- MeSH
- antigeny virové MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
