Obesogens, as environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are supposed to have had an impact on the prevalence of rising obesity around the world over the last forty years. These chemicals are probably able to contribute not only to the development of obesity and metabolic disturbances in individuals, but also in their progeny, having the capability to epigenetically reprogram genetically inherited set-up points for body weight and body composition control during critical periods of development, such as fetal, early life, and puberty. In individuals, they may act on myriads of neuro-endocrine-immune metabolic regulatory pathways, leading to pathophysiological consequences in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, immunity, the influencing of central appetite and energy expenditure regulations, changes in gut microbiota-intestine functioning, and many other processes. Evidence-based medical data have recently brought much more convincing data about associations of particular chemicals and the probability of the raised risk of developing obesity. Foods are the main source of obesogens. Some obesogens occur naturally in food, but most are environmental chemicals, entering food as a foreign substance, whether in the form of contaminants or additives, and they are used in a large amount in highly processed food. This review article contributes to a better overview of obesogens, their occurrence in foods, and their impact on the human organism.

• MeSH
• adipogeneze MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory * toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Public Health and Preventive Medicine je učebnicí pro studenty všeobecného lékařství a zubního lékařství, může však sloužit i zdravotníkům či odborné nelékařské veřejnosti. Jejím cílem je poskytnout informace o preventivních aktivitách, které mohou prodloužit délku života a zlepšit kvalitu života jednotlivců a populací. Kniha poskytuje přehled hlavních témat ochrany a podpory zdraví a interakcí mezi zdravím a životním prostředím s důrazem na ovlivnitelné faktory životního stylu v prevenci chronických neinfekčních onemocnění.

• Klíčová slova
• Medicína pro veřejnost,
• MeSH
• preventivní lékařství MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH

• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• preventivní medicína

The textbook focuses on public health and preventive medicine.

• MeSH
• preventivní lékařství MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• preventivní medicína
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

The contribution of environmental pollutants to the obesity pandemic is still not yet fully recognized. Elucidating possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of their effects is of high importance. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic, 21-day-long, 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichlorethylenedichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis on mitochondrial oxygen consumption on days 4, 10, and 21. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the quality of the mitochondrial network, and lipid accumulation in maturing cells were evaluated. Compared to control differentiating adipocytes, exposure to p,p'-DDE at 1 μM concentration significantly increased basal (routine) mitochondrial respiration, ATP-linked oxygen consumption and MMP of intact cells on day 21 of adipogenesis. In contrast, higher pollutant concentration seemed to slow down the gradual increase in ATP-linked oxygen consumption typical for normal adipogenesis. Organochlorine p,p'-DDE did not alter citrate synthase activity. In conclusion, in vitro 1 μM p,p'-DDE corresponding to human exposure is able to increase the mitochondrial respiration per individual mitochondrion at the end of adipocyte maturation. Our data reveal that long-lasting exposure to p,p'-DDE could interfere with the metabolic programming of mature adipocytes.

• MeSH
• adipogeneze účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• dichlordifenyldichlorethylen toxicita   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránový potenciál mitochondrií MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• mitochondrie účinky léků   MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• tukové buňky cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Burden of obesity is increasing in the contemporary world. Although multifactorial in origin, appropriate mitochondrial function of adipocytes emerges as a factor essential for healthy adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue function. Our study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial functions of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis. On days 0, 4, 10, and 21 of adipogenesis, we have characterized adipocyte proliferation and viability, quantified lipid accumulation in maturing cells, performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of mitochondria, determined mitochondrial respiration of cells using high-resolution respirometry, and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential. In the course of adipogenesis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption progressively increased in states ROUTINE and E (capacity of the electron transfer system). State LEAK remained constant during first days of adipogenesis and then increased probably reflecting uncoupling ability of maturing adipocytes. Citrate synthase activity and volume of mitochondrial networks increased during differentiation, particularly between days 10 and 21. In addition, lipid accumulation remained low until day 10 and then significantly increased. In conclusion, during first days of adipogenesis, increased mitochondrial respiration is needed for transition of differentiating cells from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism and clonal expansion of preadipocytes and then more energy is needed to acquire typical metabolic phenotype of mature adipocyte.

• MeSH
• adipogeneze * MeSH
• buněčné dýchání MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránový potenciál mitochondrií MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• tukové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyfenoly * MeSH
• zdraví MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH