Kniha nabízí sto otázek a sto odpovědí o Antarktidě. V několika oddílech autoři, účastníci antarktických výzkumů, představují tento kontinent, historii jeho objevování, geologii, věnují se klimatologickým otázkám a dopadům globálního oteplování v Antarktidě. V částech z biologických věd pojednávají o živočiších, včetně mikroorganismů, a rostlinách Antarktidy. Závěr věnují českému antarktickému výzkumnému programu, zajímavostem z české stanice J. G. Mendela, informacím o jejím budování a provozu od roku 2006 i samotnému ostrovu Jamese Rosse.

The present study redescribes the monotypic genus Afrodiplozoon Khotenovski, 1981, a diplozooid parasite endemic to Africa, based on material collected during surveys carried out in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, from two cyprinid hosts Labeobarbus marequensis and Enteromius paludinosus. Morphometrical analysis of the composition of internal organs and attachment clamps, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, provided details for the genus and species redescriptions. Posterior attachment apparatus can bear up the 15 pairs of the clamps with the first pair of clamps distinctly smaller and not fully developed. Molecular characterization of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) rDNA and phylogenetic analysis revealed the position of Afrodiplozoon polycotyleus as a sister taxon to Paradiplozoon krugerense and Paradiplozoon bingolenisis, distant from other African representatives of the genus Paradiplozoon, Paradiplozoon vaaleense and Paradiplozoon ichtyoxanthon.

• MeSH
• Cyprinidae parazitologie   MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• Trematoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH

An annotated list of larvae (metacestodes) of gryporhynchid tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from freshwater fishes in Africa is provided with numerous new host and geographical records. Newly collected materials from Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe practically double the total number of species reported from African fish so far. We confirm the occurrence of 16 species (five unidentified to the species level and most likely representing new taxa) belonging to the genera Amirthalingamia Bray, 1974 (1 species), Cyclustera Fuhrmann, 1901 (2 species), Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912 (1 species), Neogryporhynchus Baer & Bona, 1960 (1 species), Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (4 species), Parvitaenia Burt, 1940 (5 species), and Valipora Linton, 1927 (2 species). Additionally, metacestodes of four unidentified species of Paradilepis and Parvitaenia are reported from fish for the first time. Rostellar hooks of all species are illustrated and their measurements are provided together with a host-parasite list. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial LSU rDNA sequences offers the first insight into the internal phylogenetic relationships within the family. Together with the morphological observations, the present study provides a taxonomic baseline for future studies on this largely neglected, but widely distributed and relatively frequent, group of parasites of African fishes, including economically important cichlids like tilapias and cyprinids.

• MeSH
• Cestoda klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• larva MeSH
• ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• ryby parazitologie   MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

An examination of one specimen of Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1768), from Lake Turkana (Kenya), revealed the presence of two ascaridoid nematodes belonging to the genus Dujardinascaris Baylis, 1947. Dujardinascaris madagascariensis Chabaud & Caballero, 1966 was studied by scanning electron microscopy, redescribed, and differentiated from D. dujardini (Travassos, 1920). Dujardinascaris madagascariencsis is the second of the genus to be sequenced. An internal fragment of the small ribosomal subunit and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 region were amplified--the slowly evolving 18S gene region was used for phylogenetic analysis. Molecular data confirmed affinity of D. madagascariensis to the family Heterocheilidae and revealed its closest relationship with D. waltoni. A key to the species of Dujardinascaris parasitizing crocodiles is provided.

• MeSH
• aligátoři a krokodýli parazitologie   MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hlístice anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• nematodózy parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• rozšíření zvířat MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Keňa MeSH

Cystacanths of Corynosoma pseudohamanni Zdzitowiecki, 1984 (Palaeacanthocephala: Polymorphidae) are redescribed on the basis of specimens recovered from three species of Antarctic notothenioid fish, Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, Gobionotothen gibberifrons (Lönnberg) and Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, collected from the Prince Gustav Channel, Antarctica. The cystacanths' morphometry and their internal anatomy including trunk muscles were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characteristic features of this species such as the length of proboscis and the number of hooks (i.e. 260 hooks arranged in 20 rows with 13 hooks each, including two basal hooks) were confirmed and the intraspecific variability was evaluated. Sexual dimorphism was manifested in the shape of the hindtrunk, and the distribution and extent of the somatic armature only. SEM observations of internal anatomy revealed the detailed organization of trunk musculature.

• MeSH
• Acanthocephala anatomie a histologie   izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• helmintózy zvířat parazitologie   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• Perciformes parazitologie   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH

The tapeworm species Bertiella satyri from a semi-wild Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii: Ponginae) is redescribed and the sequence of its 18S rDNA is presented. The tapeworms parasitizing the genera Pan, Pongo, Homo and Hylobates from Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris and from Muséum d´Histoire Naturelle, Genève are also presented. The validity of B. satyri is confirmed. B. satyri (BSA) differs from the most similar species Bertiella studeri (BSTU) in the following characteristics: (1) testes number, BSTU 300-400; BSA 116-124, (2) genital opening, BSTU regularly alternate; BSA irregularly alternate, (3) Cirrus-sac, BSTU short, 0.250-0.320, does not reach excretory ducts; BSA long, 0.630 × 0.495, reaches excretory ducts, (4) egg size, BSTU 0.053-0.060; BSA 0.030-0.051, (5) host BSTU Pan troglodytes, Africa; BSA Pongo pygmaeus, P. abelii, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra). Both species differ according to our material and the name B. satyri (Blanchard, 1891) is resurrected.

• MeSH
• anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• Cestoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cestodózy parazitologie   MeSH
• DNA helmintů chemie   genetika   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci primátů parazitologie   MeSH
• Pongo abelii parazitologie   MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indonésie MeSH

First-stage larvae of camallanid nematodes Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus (Wedl, 1862) and Procamallanus (Procamallanus) sp. from naturally infected Distichodus niloticus (Hasselquist) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), respectively, from Lake Turkana, Kenya (new geographical records) are described, being for the first time studied by scanning electron microscopy. Larvae of both species are characterised by the presence of a dorsal cephalic tooth, four submedian cephalic papillae and a pair of amphids, and by the elongate tail with several terminal digit-like processes. The latter formations probably serve for the attachment of larvae to the substrate in water when the larvae attract copepod intermediate hosts by their movements; these structures, especially their numbers, may be of taxonomic importance in camallanid nematodes. The nematode genus Procamallanus Baylis, 1923 contains many species parasitizing freshwater, brackish-water and marine fishes and, less often, amphibians. The following five subgenera of Procamallanus were recognised by Moravec and Thatcher (1997) (see also Gibbons 2010): Procamallanus Baylis, 1923, Spirocamallanus Olsen, 1952, Spirocamallanoides Moravec et Sey, 1988, Punctocamallanus Moravec et Scholz, 1991 and Denticamallanus Moravec et Thatcher, 1997. Of them, only representatives of Procamallanus and Spirocamallanus are known from the African continent (totally 7 species), whereby P. (P.) laeviconchus (Wedl, 1862) (the type species of the genus) has so far been the only species of the former subgenus reported from freshwater fishes in Africa. This is also the only African Procamallanus species in which the life cycle has hitherto been studied and the first-stage larvae described (Moravec 1975). While redescribing P. laeviconchus from Synodontis spp. (congeneric with its type host) in Botswana (including SEM study), Moravec and Van As (2004) drew attention to the fact that this species was reported from about 30 fish species belonging to seven families and the specimens often exhibited morphological differences; they considered the presence of an unusually lobed circumoral flange a characteristic feature of P. laeviconchus, already illustrated by Wedl (1862) in the original description.

• MeSH
• Characiformes parazitologie   MeSH
• infekce hlísticemi řádu Spirurida parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• jezera MeSH
• larva ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• Spirurida klasifikace   růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• sumci parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Keňa MeSH

The present study presents the description of Oochoristica beveridgei n. sp. (Linstowiinae Fuhrmann, 1907). The species was found in the small intestine of Tarentola parvicarinata Joger (Gekkonidae) in East Senegal (West Africa). Among known species of Oochoristica Lühe, 1898, O. beveridgei is most similar to Oochoristica junkea (Johri, 1950) Schmidt, 1986, found in Gekko gecko (Linnaeus) from India. A common feature of both species is the location of the cirrus sac, which lies anterior to the poral part of the ovary. The new species differs from O. junkea in having a higher number of testes, different testes arrangement, wider cirrus sac, and a different shape of ovary. The position of the cirrus sac in O. beveridgei is also similar to that found in Oochoristica gallica Dollfus, 1954, whose host is Psammodromus hispanicus Fitzinger (Lacertidae) from Morocco. The new species differs from O. gallica in that it possesses fewer testes and that these testes have a different arrangement. The location of the cirrus sac in O. beveridgei is also similar to that seen in Oochoristica bivitellolobata Loewen, 1940, whose host is Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Linnaeus) (Teiidae) from the United States. The latter species has a higher number of testes, with only half of the cirrus sac located anterior to the poral part of the ovary, and possesses a divided vitellarium.

• MeSH
• Cestoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• cestodózy epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• ještěři parazitologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• tenké střevo parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Senegal MeSH

The study presents the first description of male specimen (allotype) of the pinworm species Lemuricola (Lemuricola) pongoi, parasitising Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) from Sumatra (Indonesia). The male specimen morphology presents all features fully corresponding with diagnose of the genus and subgenus Lemuricola. We are agreeing that Protenterobius is synonymous with Lemuricola because the length of tail appendix in males is not a sufficient feature for separation of the genera or subgenera. For L. (L.) pongoi male are characteristic features: body length (4,803 microm), total oesophagus length (530), tail length (235), tip of tail length (188) and spicule length (90).

• MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• nemoci lidoopů parazitologie   MeSH
• oxyuriáza parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• Oxyuroidea anatomie a histologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Pongo abelii parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indonésie MeSH

Ascaridoid nematodes referable to Brevimulticaecum heterotis (Petter, Vassiliades et Marchand, 1979) Khalil, 1984 were recorded from the intestine of the African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier) (Arapaimidae, Osteoglossiformes), from the Mare Simenti in the Niokolo Koba National Park, East Senegal and from Kosti, Sudan. Their examination using light microscopy and for the first time both environmental scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed some previously unreported morphological features and made possible a detailed redescription of this species. The most important finding is the presence of dentigerous ridges on the inner edges of the lips, which confirms the attribution of this species to Multicaecum Baylis, 1923, where it was originally placed, and not to Brevimulticaecum Mozgovoy in Skryabin, Shikhobalova et Mozgovoy, 1951 where it had subsequently been transferred. A key to Brevimulticaecum and Multicaecum species is provided. Multicaecum heterotis is the first species of the genus to be sequenced. Partial sequences of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) and internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been analysed and compared with other nematode species.

• MeSH
• Ascaridoidea genetika   klasifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata MeSH
• infekce hlísticemi řádu Ascaridida epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• nemoci ryb epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie   parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika MeSH